126 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Dup., " Icon, des Chen.," ii., pi. vii., fig. 2 (eirc. 1840) ; " Cat. Meth. Lep. Eur.," 

 p. 78 (1844); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 156 (1844) ; H.-Sch., " Sys. Bear.," 

 p. 106 (1847) ; Heyd., " Lep. Eur. Cat.," ed. 3, p. 26 (185 1) ; Humph, and Westd., 

 " Brit Moths," 2nd ed., i., p. 57, pi. xi., figs. 1—4 (1851) ; Led., " Verb. z.-b. Ges. 

 Wien.,' ii., Abh., p. 75 (1853) ; Sta., "Man.," i., p. 153 (1857); Speyer, " Geog. 

 Verb.," i., p. 414 (1858) ; Hein., "Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 206 (1859); Humph., 

 " Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 24 (i860); Staud., "Cat.," ed. 1, p. 30 (1861) ; ed. 

 2, p. 69 (1871) ; ed. 3, p. 122 (1901) ; Rbr., " Cat. Lep. And.," ii., p. 358 (1858) ; 

 Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 186 (1867) ; Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 128 (1868) ; 

 Berce, "Faun. Franc.," ii., p. 192 (1808); Mill., "Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon," 

 xvii., p 13, pi. 94, fig. 7 (1869); Wallgrn., " Skand. Het.," ii., p. 91 (1869); 

 Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 43 (1869); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., p. 412 

 (1874) ; Cuni y Mart., " Cat. Lep. Bare.," p. 69 (1874) ; Guen., " Lep. Eure-et- 

 Loir," p. 83 (1875); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," viii., p. 151 (1876); Frey, 

 '•Lep. Schweiz," p. 97 (1880); Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 42 (1885); Jordan, 

 "Schmett. N.-W. Deutsch.," p. 96 (1886); Buckl., "Larvae," &c," iii., p. 78, 

 pi. xlvi., figs. \a— c (1889); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 63 (1889); "Iris," vii., p. 

 152 (1894); Ruhl, "Soc. Ent.," v., p. 178 (1891) ; Strom., "Danm. Somm.," p. 

 80 (1891) ; Kirbv, "Cat.," p. 34 (1892); Reut., "Act. F. F. Fenn.," p. 28 

 (1893); Carad., "Iris," vii., p. 92 (1895)'; Meyr.,' " Handbook," p. 322 (1895); 

 Tutt, "Brit. Moths," p. 56 (1896); " Proc. South Lond. Ent. Soc," pp. 1 — 11 

 (1898) ; Barr., " Brit. Lep.," hi., p. 32, pi. xciii (1896) ; Dyar, " Can. Ent.," 

 xxx., pp. 4, 5 (1898); "Ent. Record," xi., p. 142 (1899); Grote, " Illus. Zeits. 

 fur Ent.," iii., p. 70(1898). Rubus, Haw., "Lep. Brit.,"pt. 1, p. 83, no. 7 (1803). 



Original description. — P. Bombyx elinguis, alis reversis 

 cervinis immaculatis ; strigis duabus albis ; subtus nullis. [Roes., 

 " Ins.," app. t. 49 ; Wilk., "Pap.," 25, t. 3, a. 19.] Habitat in Rubo, 

 Salice. Larva laevis, pilosa, ferruginea, nigro annulata. Alarum 

 fascia posterior desinit in medio alae, nee, ut in P. annularia, qua 

 multoties major est, excurrit ad apicem (Linne, Systema Naturae, 

 xth ed., pp. 498-9). To this he adds : " 'Faun. Suec.,' 1103 ; Scop., 

 ' Ent. Cam.,' 492 ; Ammiral, ' Ins.,' t. 32. Alae absque puncto ; 

 striga posterior flexuosa, obsoletior" (xiith ed., p. 813). 



Imago. — Anterior wings reddish-brown ( $ greyish- or yellowish- 

 brown) with two pale yellowish transverse lines, one before and one 

 beyond the centre, a grey submarginal shade, cilia concolorous with 

 the wing, but shiny ; posterior wings unicolorous reddish-brown, 

 almost of the same tint as forewings, cilia paler and shiny. 



Sexual dimorphism. — There is considerable difference in the 

 sexes, the males being smaller, more brightly coloured, and with 

 much more strongly pectinated antennae than the females. The 

 males vary from 5omm.-57mm., the females from 56^1111. -70mm., 

 the latter, therefore, being, as a rule, much larger, heavier - looking 

 insects, the abdomen being unusually large and distended with eggs 

 when the specimens are freshly emerged. The difference in colour 

 between the sexes is most marked, and the deep red-brown of the 

 normal males appears to be an outward reflex of the energy of this sex 

 compared with the more sluggish females. Chapman notes of the 

 antennae : $ . About 60 joints, of Lasiocampid form, i.e., plumules hang- 

 ing down from stem; length 12mm., of plumules i'6mm., each plumule 

 carries about 50 transverse rows of hairs on its ventral aspect, about 

 3 to each side in each row, the central line of the plumule has finer 

 hairs, which, at the apex, invade the dorsal rather than the ventral 

 aspect of the plumule ; the end of the plumule is not thickened, but 

 is bent forward, and the curve is continued by a rather long, thick 

 bristle or spike, about -15mm. long, jointed, as these bristles are in all 

 the Lachneids, and having a somewhat bulbous base, and, at half 



