MACROTHYLACIA RUBI. 139 



flat, with their hairs rather diffused; on the 9th abdominal, only 

 two dorsal tubercles are present, very large, possibly i and ii united 

 on either side ; of lateral tubercles, iii is about equal to ii in size, 

 placed far above spiracles which are small, dark-coloured, and 

 inconspicuous ; a large supplementary prespiracular wart (see, anted, 

 vol. ii., p. 439) on anterior edge of abdominal segments 1 to 7 

 (inclusive), being weak on the 1st, whilst on the 8th it ceases to 

 be a wart and is represented by only two or three hairs ; iv and v 

 form a large sub- and postspiracular wart about equal to iii ; whilst 

 below and anterior to spiracle on 1st abdominal segment are two sup- 

 plementary primitive single-haired tubercles rather near together, on 

 remaining abdominal segments only one of these is present • below 

 these again is a l^rge marginal wart, double (? vi + vii), on 

 segments that bear prolegs, single on other segments ; much 

 larger, "however, on the 7th abdominal where one gets the impression 

 that two side-by-side tubercles have combined ; on prothorax a large 

 prespiracular tubercle (? iii) gives rise to the conspicuous, loose, ear-like 

 brush of hairs ; where the yellow colour of the intersegmental area en- 

 croaches on the edges of the segments the latter are speckled with black, 

 hinting to shagreen-spotting at some past period in its evolutionary his- 

 tory; no traces of spicules on skin-hairs detected; the abdominal segments 

 divided into four subsegments, tubercle i is on the 2nd, ii on the 4th, 

 iii on the 3rd, subsegment. Of the single-haired primitive tubercles 

 not mentioned in the preceding description, there is one on the first 

 subsegment of abdominals, in same plane as iii ; on the meso- and 

 metathorax there is a many-haired wart on 1st subsegment, rather 

 higher than this single-haired tubercle on abdominal segments ; on 

 second subsegment of abdominal segments, there is a single-haired 

 tubercle (on some segments two) about midway vertically between 

 i and iii ; beneath the prespiracular (situated on 1st subsegment) 

 is a row of 4 single-haired tubercles in line one below the other ; 

 posterior to and slightly below the marginal tubercle is situated 

 another single-haired tubercle ; the single-haired pre-subspiracular 

 tubercle (? vi) is on the 2nd subsegment ; i on the 8th abdominal 

 is slightly raised. In the second instar (June 30th, 1900), the head 

 is dull instead of shiny, has a downy appearance and is covered 

 with fine hairs. Body : The hairs much more numerous ; a plentiful 

 growth of secondary hairs arising from skin-surface greatly obscuring 

 the warts which are also less conspicuous owing to flattening ; the 

 8th abdominal segment still slightly humped ; many black hairs 

 spring from the yellow transverse bands ; the long dorsal and lateral 

 hairs white ; the shorter and secondary hairs brown or black ; the 

 long hairs from the marginal tubercles form a downward sweeping 

 fringe ; the majority of secondary or skin-surface hairs simple, but 

 already a few specialised needle-like urticating hairs (forming dorsal 

 fur in adult larva) are present on each segment ; a short longitudinal 

 mediodorsal black stripe crosses the transverse yellow band between 

 meso- and metathorax. In the third instar when the length is 

 about one inch, the ear-like and lateral tubercles are still present ; 

 the yellow line that separates the segments is doubled between 

 the meso- and metathorax ; a few light brown hairs are now present 

 on the dorsum (Bacot, in litt.). The difference between the larva 

 with its chocolate-brown ground-colour and yellow intersegmental 



