142 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



the top nicely rounded and closed in ; the texture of the cocoon 

 tough but not stiff, and not affording much protection to its in- 

 mates from pressure. It is, however, very watertight, a much- 

 needed character on wet mountain sides. Fowler notes it as nearly 

 three inches long, slung like a hammock, the pupa lying in the 

 centre. A cocoon is figured by Buckler (Larvae, &c, iii.,pl.xlvi.,fig. 4c). 

 Pupa. — 2 • [Described from one empty and one imperfect pupa- 

 case containing dead females, the frontal shield of the pupa-case 

 being absent]. Length 3i'5mm., umm. in diameter at greatest girth 

 (about end of 4th abdominal segment). Tapers only to a very 

 slight extent, is bluntly rounded at extremities ; surface slightly 

 shiny for the most part, but wing-, antenna-, and leg -cases are 

 dull, the sutures between them being shiny ; the intersegmental 

 areas of free abdominal segments much smoother, and of a paler, 

 brighter brown than the remainder of pupa ; the general surface 

 tending to rugose, this character being well marked on the dorsum 

 and especially on the thorax; colour dark mahogany-brown, almost 

 black on wing-cases, &c. ; the sexual organs distinctly marked ; the 

 spiracles form a long oval, only slightly raised above surface on 2 — 7 

 abdominal segments, a spiracular scar only on the 8th ; the anal area 

 covered with very short bright brown bristles, also a belt of slighter 

 backward-pointing bristles on each of the abdominal segments 

 strongest on dorsum ; wing-cases extend to end of 4th abdominal seg- 

 ment ; a faint but clear marginal line (? Poulton's) is present on the 

 wing-cases ; a narrow slip of hindwings shows from the 3rd thoracic 

 to commencement of 4th abdominal; the tips of second pair of 

 legs reach to level of spiracle on 4th abdominal segment ; in one 

 ? pupa examined the extreme tips of third pair of legs showed 

 just beyond apex of forewings (? a most unusual character *) ; the 

 antennae not very broad, rather sharply bent inwards for about half 

 their length, and extending to same level as first pair of legs, viz., 

 end of 3rd abdominal segment ; the suture dividing the eyeplate 

 into two portions is readily distinguished ; the mouth-parts not at 

 all clear, chiefly owing to rugosity of surface. There appears to 

 be a certain similarity between the pupa of this species and that 

 of Malacosoma castrensis, but the smaller mouth-parts that could be 

 so clearly made out in the latter species are either absent or obscured 

 by the surface rugosity in M. rubi; the two somewhat large covers 

 (maxillae) between the first legs are very distinct (Bacot, May 9th, 1900). 

 $ [Three dead ones received from Mr. Robson]. From 25 mm.- 

 29mm. in length, and 8mm.-iomm. in width at greatest girth. The 

 differences between the 6* and 5 pupa very slight, except in the sexual 

 organs, which are, of course, distinct. The $ pupa is rather more 

 pointed, and smaller at anus in proportion to girth (but there is some 

 individual difference in this respect among £ pupae) ; the antennae 

 rather broader and longer than in ? pupae (but here again there is some 

 difference in individual specimens) ; they reach (in $ pupa) nearly 

 or quite to end of 2nd legs. Some examples of both sexes are curved 

 ventrally, and have the segments compressed ; others (and these have 

 died with the segments extended apparently when the imagines were 

 ready to emerge) are almost or quite straight. In none of the specimens 



* We are not so sure that this is very unusual in this species. We have 

 ourselves observed it, vide our description fpostea, p. 143). 



