MACROTHYLACIA RUBI. 147 



Reading district, a $ that was resting on a twig of heath, hanging by 

 her forelegs, whilst others were found on the lower branches of heath 

 and birch. The habitats of this species are as varied as can well be 

 imagined. Essentially a moorland insect, it is to be found right up to 

 the summits of most of our higher mountains, on almost all hillsides, 

 rough pastures, waste places, heaths, bogs, and even the low-lying 

 fens and coast sandhills. It occurs on the chalk-hills at Cuxton 

 and Folkestone, on the coast sandhills at Deal, in the rough fields 

 around Chattenden woods, and in the rides of the wood itself. It 

 occurs on the tracts of heath at Wareham, but also in Portland, where 

 there is no heath (Bankes) ; abundant on all the moors and sandhills 

 m Aberdeenshire (Home) ; on all the hillsides and moors in the 

 south-west of Scotland (Dalglish); larvae exceedingly abundant on all 

 Scotch -moors from August to October, but near Emsworth on downs, 

 where tbere is no heather (Christy) ; common on all the heaths 

 at Keswick (Beadle) ; abundant on railway banks and dry heaths 

 at Weymouth (Forsyth) ; on all the open heaths in the New 

 Forest and neighbourhood (Moberly) ; on cliffs and railway banks 

 in Southend district (Whittle) ; on the low-lying brambles on the 

 heaths about Sidmouth (Wells); on the downs at Brighton (Blaber); 

 2 s ovipositing on the bog in the New Forest (Tugwell) ; on the bogs 

 near Crangwell (Lawless) ; and on all the bogs around Clonbrock 

 (Dillon); on the mountain-sides around Barmouth (Kenward); in osier 

 beds near Acton in great abundance, the larvae feeding on osier (Mera). 

 Swarms all along the coast, both on the sandbanks and cliffs, also on 

 all the moors and mosses in both Northumberland and Durham, ascend- 

 ing to nearly 2000 feet in the Cheviots, whilst the larvae are to be 

 found feeding on . hedge - banks around Hartlepool and Stockton; 

 hybernated larvae are particularly abundant on the banks by the sea- 

 shore in the spring of 1897 about Hartlepool (Robson) ; abund- 

 ant on the Lincolnshire coast (Gascoyne) ; common on the rail- 

 way banks about Barnes (Williams) ; common in the stubble-fields 

 at Alphington feeding on clover ( D'Orville) ; swarming on the heaths 

 in Jersey in i860 (Thorburn) ; heaths and chalk downs in Berks 

 (Clarke) ; on open moors at Minehead (Kaye) ; larvae in hundreds on 

 the Manx mountains in September, but scarce in spring (Clarke); 

 common on the hillsides near Bath (Greer) ; in abundance on a wet 

 common near Norwich (Pitman) ; on the moorland districts of Dart- 

 moor (Studd) : on grassy slopes and on heaths in Gloucestershire, the 

 larvae sunning themselves on grass culms (Lifton); occurs on all the 

 waste moors, mountains and bogs in Ireland (Kane); chiefly on the 

 common at Strensall, but sometimes in the wood close by (Walker) ; 

 prefers heaths at Carlisle (Day); on heaths, downs and commons 

 in the Plymouth district (Reading) ; in damp places on the moss at 

 Great Ayton (Lofthouse) ; in swarms on Brighton downs in October, 

 1895 (Blaber); on the heaths at Melrose (Beveridge) ; on the heaths 

 at Lewes (Nicholson) ; on the commons near Brentwood, and on the 

 heaths at Ipswich (Mera); on all the hills in the Painswick district 

 (Watkins) ; on all the heaths round Wilsden (Butterfield) ; on the 

 heaths in the Wye Valley (Vaughan) ; larvae prefer the grassy corners 

 of heaths about King's Lynn (Atmore); males fly in rough 

 fields on outskirts of Abbott's Wood ; they also occur freely on the 

 heather-clad slopes behind the dene at Lowestoft, and on the railway 



