186 BRITISH LEPIDOPTLRA. 



Ochsenheimer's genus, as we have before stated, is not only hetero- 

 typical but rather more comprehensive than the whole of our super- 

 family, Lachneides. So much is this so, that Ochsenheimer himself 

 divided the genus into 7 sections {vide, anted, vol. ii., p. 449), which he 

 called "families " at the time he created it, in 18 10. In 18 12, Germar 

 restricted this heterotypical genus to the four species — quercifolia, 

 populifolia, betiilifolia and ilicifolia. His description of the genus 

 reads as follows : 



Palpi duo porrecti, triarticulati, hirti, subcylindrici, apice obtusi. Lingua 

 nulla. Antennae filiformes, (maris) pectinatae — quercifolia [alnifoliam, Ochs., 

 vix speciem distinctam puto), populifolia, betiilifolia, ilicifolia. 



These four species are themselves heterotypical, quercifolia and 

 populifolia being congeneric and generically distinct from betiilifolia 

 and ilicifolia, which are also congeneric. But, in 1806, Hiibner 

 had {Tentamen, p. 1) fixed quercifolia as the type of his genus 

 Eutricha, which, therefore, was not available as the type of Gastro- 

 pacha, as restricted by Germar, nor, indeed, was populifolia, which, 

 if quercifolia was referable to Eutricha, had to be included in the 

 same genus. This left only the congeneric betulifolia and ilicifolia 

 possible types of Gastropacha, and we consider our conclusion 

 {anted, vol. ii., p. 450) to restrict Gastropacha to this group the only 

 logical one*. Aurivillius, refusing to acknowledge the authority of 

 Hubner's Tentamen, states that {Iris, vii., pp. 166 — 168) quercifolia is 

 the type of Gastropacha, and, considering suberifolia the type of 

 Rambur's Epicnaptera, he includes ilicifolia and trenmlifoiia {betuli- 

 folia) therein, and diagnosed the genus as follows : 



Imago: Palpi much shorter than in Gastropacha (Eutricha), bristly-haired, their 

 terminal joint scarcely double as long as broad ; the " Schienenblatt " of the front tibiae 

 in the c? short, scarcely extending beyond the middle, in the ? diminutively 

 small, knob-like ; the middle and hind tibiae with tolerably long terminal spurs. 

 The margin of the wing and the fringes wavy or dentate ; the {brewing between 

 nervures I and 2 deeply hollowed out and without teeth in the concavitv. 

 The costa of the hindwmgs in the basal half projecting and very strongly " ventri- 

 cose," then deeply hollowed out. Neuration : the transverse nervure of the 

 hindwing in or behind the middle weakly broken, sending out a weak fold that 

 runs back into the cell; 2 of forewing originating very near the base, 2 — 8 

 of forewing run into the margin, 9 into the apex, and 10—12 into the costa; 7 of 

 hindwing starts quite near the front angle of the middle cell; the transverse nervure 

 which closes the basal cell is much shorter than in Gastropacha (Eutricha) and 

 starts from the same point as nervure 7, or out of the base of 7 ; of the supplementary 

 nervures I comes from the base and only 2—3 from the basal cell, but none from the 

 free part of 8. Body densely hairy. Antennae: <$ with moderately long pectinations, 

 which become gradually shorter towards base and apex ; ? with very 

 short pectinations, at base almost serrations. LARVA : The larva differs at once 

 from that of Gastropacha {quercifolia, populifolia) in the simple (often also shorter) 

 foot-like lateral warts, in the somewhat smaller protuberance on nth segment, 

 and especially in the cpjite naked " Prachtllecken " of segments 2 — 3, PUPA : 

 With short hairs, frosted with blue, and witli numerous clasping bristles on anal 

 part. Hybernates in a soft, mealy cocoon. 



Gastropacha ilicifolia, Linne'. 



SYNONYMY. — Species: Ilicifolia^ Linn., "Sys. Nat.," xth ed., p. 4^7 



(1758); xiith ed., p. 813 (1767) ; "Faun. Suec.," 2nd ed., p. 2(^3 ^1701); LI)., 

 "Sys. Km.,'' p. 562 (1775); "Spec. Ins.," ii.. p. 174 (1781!; Vill.. -Linn. 

 Lut./' ii., ]). I2i (1789); Lasp., "111. Mag.." ii.. p. 51 (1803) ; lib., "Eur. 



■ 1'iout comes to a different conclusion. He considers that Gastropacha, 

 Ochs., Germ., is a synonym of Eutricha, lib., through Curtis' type citation of 

 quercifolia, and, therefore, accepts Epicnaptera, Ramb., as the correct title 

 lor this genus. 



