GASTROPACHA ILICIFOLIA. 187 



Schmett.," text p. 148 with ref. to fig. 190 (? 1805); "Verz.," p. 190 

 (? 1822) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett.," iii., p. 240 (1810) ; G-erm., " Bomb. 

 Spec," p. 51 (1812) ; Oken, " Lehrb. Naturg.," L, p. 707 (1815) ; Godt., 

 "Hist. Nat.," iv., p. 84 (1822); Stphs., "111. Haust.," ii., p. 53 (1828); 

 "Zool.,"ix., p. 3244 (1851) ; x., p. 3358 (1852); Bdv., "Eur. Lep.Ind.Meth.," 

 p. 47 (1829); "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 47 (1840); Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., 

 p. 193, pi. lxxvii., figs. 4a — b (1830); Zell., " Isis," 1839, p. 279 (1839); 

 Humph, and Westd., " Brit. Moths," p. 61 (? 1843); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p. 73 

 (1844); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 150 (1844); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," 

 ii., p. 103 (1846) ; Heydrch., " Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth.," ed. 3, p. 25 (1851) ; 

 Smith, "Zool.," 1851. p. 3178; loc. cit., p. 3212 (1851) ; Atknsn., loc. cit., p. 3396 

 (1852); Led., "Verh.'z.-b. Wien," ii., Abh. p. 74 (1853); Sta., "Ann.," 1855, 

 1st ed., p. 7 (1854); 2nd ed., p. 29 (1855); "Ent. Wk. Int.," ii., p. 34 and fig. 

 (1857); "Man.," i., p. 158 (1857); Part., " Ent. Wk. Int.," i., p. 67 (1856); Weav., 

 loc. cit., ii., p. 12 (1857) ; Bonney, loc. cit., ii., pp. 28, 43 — 44 (1857) ; iv., p. 27 

 (1858); Spey., " Geog. Verb.," i., p. 405 (1858); ii., p. 287 (1862); Hein., "Schmett. 

 Deutsch.," p. 202 (1859); Smith, "Ent. Wk. Int.," vi., p. 163 (1859); Baker, loc. 

 cit., viii., p. 19 (i860); Lickley, loc. cit., p. 51 (i860); Meld., loc. cit., x., p. 85 (1861); 

 Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 30 (1861) ; 2nd ed., p. 70 (1871); 3rd ed., p. 123 

 (1901) ; "Rom. Mem.," vi., p. 322 (1892); "Iris," v., p. 353 (1892); Ramb., 

 "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 344 (1866); Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Est.," i., p. 131 (1867); 

 Berce, "Faun. Franc.," ii., p. 201 (1868); Wallgrn., " Skand. Het.," ii., p. 114 

 (1869); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 46 (1869); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," 

 viii., p. 152 (1876); Frev, " Lep. Schweiz," p. 98 (1880); Oberth., "Etudes," v., 

 p. 37 (1880); Snell., "De Vlind.," supp. p. 1142 (1882): Freer, "Ent.," xvi., 

 p. 260 (1883); "Ent. Rec," vi., 238 (1895); Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 42 

 (1885): Storey, " Yorks. Nat.," 1880, p. 209 (1886); Jordan, "Schmett. N.-W. 

 Deutsch.," p. 96 (1886); Hofm., "Die Grossschmett. Eur.," p. 54 (1887); 

 Buck., "Larvae Brit. Moths," iii., pi. Ii., figs. 2 — 2a (1889); Auriv., " Nord. 

 Fjar.," p. 65 (1889); "Iris," vii., p. 167 (1894); Ruhl," "Soc. Ent.," v., p. 

 179 (1891) ; Kirby, "Tat.," p. 824 (1892); Meyr., " Handbk.," p. 325 (1895); 

 Burnett, "Ent. Rec," vi., p. 237 (1895); Tutt > "Brit. Moths," p. 62 (1896); 

 "Proc. South Lond. Ent. Soc," pp. 1 — 11 (1898); Barr., "Lep. Brit," iii., p. 

 46, pi. xcvi., fig. 1 (1896); Dyar, "Can. Ent.," xxx., pp. 4 — 6 (1898); Grote, 

 "Illus. Zeits. fur Ent.," iii., p. 71 (1898); Reutti, "Lep. Bad.," 2nd ed., p. 59 

 (1898). Folinmsiccum, Retz., " Gen. Sp. Ins.," p. 36, no. 42 (1783). Betuli- 

 folia, Esp., "Schmett. Eur.," hi., pi. vii., figs. 2-6 (1782); p. 63 (1783); 

 Bkh., "Sys. Besch.," hi., p. 69 (1790); Hb., "Larvae Lep.," Bomb, ii., Vera? 

 S. b-c.,i (circ. 1800); "Eur. Schmett.," ii., fig. 190 (circ. 1800). 



Original description*. — llicifolia. P. Bombyx elinguis, alis 

 reversis serratis ferrugineis, margine postico albo variegato. De 

 Geer, Ins., i., t. 14, f. 7, 9. Habitat in Salice (Linne, Sys. 

 Naturae, xth ed., p. 497). In the 12th ed., p. 813, this descrip- 

 tion is altered to : " P. (B.) elinguis, alis reversis, semitectis, 

 serratis griseis, margine postico albo variegato. Margo inter 

 dentes alas albus est. Antennas pallidas." 



Imago. — 31mm. — 52mm. Anterior wings, with projecting tooth 

 on inner margin ; reddish-brown, shaded with grey medially and 

 towards the outer margin ; three transverse blackish lines, the 

 basal bluntly angulated, the second beyond the middle angulated 

 and dentate, the outer, antemarginal line dentate ; blackish median 

 lunular mark ; nervures dark. Hindwings greyish-fuscous, with two 

 dark transverse shades, paler between these and on the hind margin. 

 Outer margin of wings dentate. Fringes whitish, chequered with dark 

 ferruginous, at the ends ol the nervures. 



Sexual dimorphism. — The extreme measurements of some 

 40 specimens worked out as follows: Males 31-25111111. — 47mm.; 

 females 42mm. — 52mm. There is a distinct difference between 



*De Geer gave an excellent description of the imago (Memoires, i., p. 233) 

 of this species, in 1752, some years before it was named and described by Linne, 



