194 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



" yellowish-white, permeated with a reddish-white dust-like material 

 which also covers the pupa." De Geer says : " The larvae spin oval 

 cocoons between leaves on July 8th and following days, the cocoons 

 are thick and solid, made of a white silk but after they are completed 

 the larvae powder them interiorly with a reddish-white material after 

 the manner in which the 'lackey' larvae powder the basement material 

 of their cocoons with a yellow powder. The powder gives the cocoon 

 of ilicifolia a reddish colour and makes it very opaque." 



Pupa. — The pupa is very striking ; the thoracic segments 

 dorsally and the abdominal segments dorsally and ventrally, 

 being covered with pale ochreous, or grey-brown, loose larval 

 hairs, which can be easily removed with a pin, and which 

 are evidently held in place by the stiff golden-brown hairs* 

 with which these portions of the pupal body are studded. Ven- 

 trally : The skin is blackish-grey in colour, moderately smooth. 

 Mouth-parts smooth, and apparently ill-developed, dark reddish-brown 

 in colour ; maxillae short, moderately developed, the labial palpi small 

 but fairly noticeable ; the antennae much thickened at base, swollen 

 centrally, and showing pectinations by means of transverse segmenta- 

 tion, they narrow off towards tip, and terminate on the costa of the wing 

 at not quite two-thirds from base to apex ; the second pair of legs ex- 

 tends beyond the antennae, the first pair terminating medio-ventrally in 

 a line with the apices of antennae ; the base of first pair of legs ex- 

 panded and covering base of second pair ; the glazed eye is situated 

 on the outer side of a red-brown shiny rounded knob, extending from 

 the base of the antenna to the base of the wing ; the dorsal head- 

 piece is not prominent, is supplied frontally with many stiff red-brown 

 bristles, but is without the loose hairy matter which covers the pro- 

 thorax ; the wings are ample, finely corrugated transversely over the 

 greater part of the wing, but longitudinally on the outer margin. The 

 abdominal segments are of a fine silky texture, segments 5 and 6 with 

 two slight shiny depressions occupying the position of the larval prolegs; 

 no bristles ventrally, except at cremaster ; movable incisions between 

 4-5, 5-6, 6-7. Laterally : Bristles on frontal part of dorsal head- 

 piece and on prothorax very conspicuous ; wings without bristles, 

 black-grey, of a silky texture, slightly reddish-brown at base, a 

 transverse series of tiny longitudinal depressions parallel with outer 

 margin ; prothoracic spiracle (hidden by larval hairs) is situated in 

 the incision between pro- and mesothorax, and its margin is little more 

 than a thickening of the incision membrane; the abdominal spiracles 

 also hidden, but after being cleared are visible on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 

 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th abdominal segments, each is formed of a double 

 pale -margined convex slit placed at the bottom of a shallow oval 

 depression, with a raised rim made of the chitinous material forming 

 the pupal skin ; each spiracle is placed on the anterior part of its seg- 



* The pupal hairs are stout, stiff bristles, bending forwards on the bead 

 and thorax, and nearly vertical on the abdominal segments, colour bright brown. 

 These bristles aid in retaining the flossy silk and greyish powder which form a large 

 woolly mass on the dorsum of the head, thorax, and abdominal segments I and 2 ; 

 OH some other pails the pupa is only dusted, whilst at the junction of the movable 

 incisions and on the dorsal ridges it is thickly powdered, the powder giving the 

 pupa a bloom. The woolly appearance is caused by numerous, very fine, silk 

 threads, similar to those found among the egg-masses of Tephrosia crepuscularia 

 and /'. bislortala. mixed with small oblong Crystals (Bacotj. 



