EUTRICHA QUERCIFOLIA. 2()1 



moderate pectinations, longer at the base and gradually shorter towards the apex ; the 

 outer (hinder) pectinations on the first third of antenna a little longer than the inner. ? 

 antennas quite as in the 3 , their pectinations only a little shorter. Larva : Consider- 

 ably flattened, laterally with very strongly developed foot-like protuberances, which are 

 simply conical on segments 1-3, but distinctly " two-flapped" on 4-10 ; on segments 4, 

 5, and 10 the front lappet is much smaller than the hind, but on the other segments 

 nearly as large as that. Low down on the sides on the ventral margin stand on 

 all the segments 3-4 broad lateral dashes. The sides are densely clothed with 

 long, soft, simple hairs. The dorsum, on the other hand, has only sparse short 

 hairs, and has on segments 2 and 3 two large " Prachtflecken " (" Splendour-spots ") 

 clothed with bristles and stalked scales, and on the nth segment a blunt pro- 

 tuberance. Pupa : Black to black-brown, dusted with whitish, with rounded 

 bristly anal part, resting in a longish soft cocoon, mingled with hairs and mealy 

 dust. 



The species that appear to be absolutely congeneric with quercifolia 

 are : Populifolia, Esp. (Europe), cerridifolia, Feldr. (Japan) (so nearly 

 certainly a race of quercifolia that we have treated it as such), angusti- 

 pennis, Walk. (China). In all the species, the antennae do not differ 

 appreciably as regards pectination in the different sexes ( $ and ? nearly 

 equal as regards pectination of antennae) a remarkable character in this 

 superfamily. Frings notes (Soc. Ent., xiii., p. 89) that he found a 

 cocoon with the characters of E. populifolia in a locality where he 

 was accustomed to take that species, but bred from it on July 9th a $ 

 with the typical form of wings, markings, etc., of E. quercifolia, yet 

 with the peculiar clay-yellow colour, mixed with rust-yellow on 

 the hind margin of forewings and costa of hindwings of E. 

 populifolia. This he supposed to be a hybrid. Bernoulli details 

 a case of reputed parthenogenesis (JVouv. Mem. Acad. Berol., 

 1772, pp. 24 el seq.) in E. quercifolia, on the authority of his friend 

 Basler, who claimed to have witnessed it several years previously ; 

 but both Basler himself and also Bernoulli, subsequently experi- 

 mented with the same species and utterly failed to obtain fertile 

 parthenogetic ova. 



EUTRICHA QUERCIFOLIA, Lilllie. 

 Synonymy. — Species: Quercifolia, Linn., " Sys. Nat.," xth ed., p. 497 

 (1758) ; xiith ed., p. 812 (1767) ; "Fauna Suec," ed. ii., p. 293 (1761) ; Poda, "Ins. 

 Mus. Graec," p. 84, pi. ii., fig. 7 (1761) ; Scop., " Ent. Carn.," p. 193 (1763); 

 Mull., "Fn. Frid.," p. 39 (1764) ; " Zool. Dan. Prod.," p. 117 (1776)"; Hfn., " Berl. 

 Mag.," ii., pp. 394,428 (1766); Fab., "Sys. Ent.," p. 561 (1775); "Spec. Ins.," 

 ii., p.- 173 (1781) ; " Mant. Ins.," ii., p. ill (1787); "Ent. Syst.," iii., 1, p. 420 

 (1793) ; [Schiff.,] "Schmett. Wien.," p. 56 (1775); Meyer, "Fuess. Mag.," i., p. 

 269 (1778) ; Esp., "Schmett. Eur.," iii., pi. vi., figs. 3-7 ; pi. vi a, figs. 1-2 ; p. 

 56 (1782) ; Geoff., "Fourc. Ent. Paris," p. 201 (1785) ; Vill., "Linn. Ent.," ii., p. 

 120 (1789); Bkh., "Sys. Besch.," iii.. p. 63 (1790) ; " Rhein. Mag.," p. 357(1793); 

 Hb., " Larvae Lep.," Bomb, ii., Verse S. a— b {tire. 1800) ; " Eur. Schmett.," ii., figs. 

 187-188 {circ. 1800) ; text p. 147 {circ. 1805) ; "Tent.," p. 1 (1806) ; " Verz.," p. 190 

 {fire. 1822) ; 111., "Syst. Verz. Wien.," n. Ausg., i., p. 103 (1801) ; Schrk., "Faun. 

 Boica," ii., 2, p. 154 (1802); Latr., "Hist. Nat.," xiv., p. 177 (1805); "Gen. 

 Crust, et Ins.," iv., p. 219 (1809); " Consid. Gen.," p. 362 (1810) ; Ochs., "Die 

 Schmett.," iii., p. 247 (1810) ; Germ., "Bomb. Spec," p. 50(1812 ; Leach, " Edinb. 

 Encycl.," ix., p. 132 (1815) ; Oken, " Lehrb. Naturg.," i., p. 706 (1815) ; Godt., " Hist. 

 Nat," iv., p. 76, pi. vii., figs. 1-2 (1822) ; '■ Cat. Meth.," p. 73 (1844) ; Curt , " Brit. 

 Ent.," i., pi. xxiv and expl. (1824) ; Stephs., "111. Haust.," ii., p. 52 (1828); 

 "List Br. An. Br. Mus.," p. 48 (1850); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 47 

 (1829); " Icon. Chenilles," pi. vi., fig. 1 {circ. 1840) ; " Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 72 

 (1840) ; Meig., "Eur. Schmett.." ii., p. 191 (1830) ; Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 23, fig. 

 53 ^ 1839) ; Humphs. & Westd., "Brit. Moths," p. 60 ( ? 1843) ; Evers., " Faun. 

 Volg.-Ural.,"p. 151 (1844); H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 104(1846); Heyd., "Lep. 

 Eur. Cat. Meth.," ed. 3, p. 25 (1851) ; Led., " Verh. z.-b. Wien," ii.. Abh., p. 75 

 (1853) ; Sta., " Man.," i., p. 157 (1857) ; Speyer, " Geog. Verb.," i., p.' 403 (1858)"; 

 ii., p. 287 (1862); Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 203 (1859); Stand., "Cat.," 1st 



