202 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



ed., p. 30 (1861) ; 2nd ed., p. 69(1871) : 3rd ed., p. 123 (1901); Ramb., " Cat. 

 Lep. And.," p. 344 (1866); Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 181 (1867); Berce, "Faun. 

 Franc," p. 200(1868); Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Est.," i., p. 130 (1868); Wallgrn., 

 "Skand. Het.," ii., pp. 108-110(1869); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 45 (1869); Cuni y 

 Mart., " Cat. Lep. Bare," p 69 (1874) ; Mill., "Cat. Lep. Alp. -Mar.," p. 144 (1875)"; 

 Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., p. 410' (1874) ; Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," viii., 

 p. 152 (1876); Frey, " Lep. Schw.," p. 98 (1880) ; Kirbv, "Eur. Butts.," p. 128 

 (1880); "Cat.," p. 822 (1894); "Handbook Lep.," iv., p. 118 (1897); Lampa, 

 "Ent. Tids.," v., p. 42 (1885); Riihl, "Soc. Ent.," v., p. 179 (1891) ; Jordan, 

 "Schm. N.-W. Deutsch.," p. 96 (1886) ; Buckler, " Larvae,"' etc., iii., ph li., figs. 1 

 la, \b (1889) ; Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 65 (1889) ; " Iris," vii., pp. 168-170 (1894) I 

 Carad., "Iris," viii., p. 93 (1895) > Mevr., "Handbook," etc., p. 324 (1895); Tutt > 

 "Brit. Moths," p. 61 (1896); " Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," 1898, pp. 1-11 

 (1898); Barr., " Brit. Lep.," iii., p. 42, pi. xcv (1896); Dyar, "Can. Ent.," xxx., 

 p. 6 (1898); Grote, " 111 us. Zeits. fur Ent.," iii., p. 71 (1898); Reutti, "Lep. 

 Baden," 2nd ed., p. 58 (1898). Dentata, Scop., " Introd. Hist. Nat.," p. 416 

 ( I 777)- Querci folium, Schrank, " Fauna Boica," ii., 1, p. 270 (1801). Quercifolius, 

 Haw., "Lep. Brit.," i., p. 95 (1803). 



Original description. — Quercifolia. P. Bombyx elinguis, alis 

 reversis dentatis ferrugineis margine postico nigris. Alb., Ins., i., 

 t. 16; Merian, Eur.,\.,X.. 17; Frisch, Ins., 3, t. i., f. 3; Reaum., 

 Its., 2, t. 23 ; Roes., Ins., i., phal. 2, t. 41 ; Wilk., Pap., 27, t. 3, b. 1. 

 Habitat in Sa/ice, Pruno spinosa, Pyro, Gramine. Larva subcaudata, 

 pilosa, ferruginea, collaribus caeruleis f Linne, Syst. Naturae, xth ed., 

 p. 497). This Linne later modifies to: "Alis reversis semitectis 

 dentatis. . . . Antennae brevissimae fuscae. Palpi porrecti " {op. 

 cit., xiith ed., p. 812). 



Imago. — 48mm. — 102mm. Anterior wings deep purplish-brown; 

 the outer margin dentate, the inner wavy ; blackish towards the costa, 

 redder towards the inner margin ; with three transverse blackish-grey 

 waved lines, one basal and angulated, the second angulated and 

 dentate, the outer dentate ; a blackish median lunular mark ; the 

 nervures darker than ground colour. Posterior wings similarly 

 coloured to forewings ; three ill-developed transverse shades ; the 

 outer margin dentate. Head, thorax and abdomen deep red-brown. 



Sexual dimorphism. — The extreme measurements of some 50 

 specimens gave: $ s 48mm. — 79mm.; females 73*5mm. — 102mm. 

 Except in size, the sexual difference is very small, and even in this 

 particular the large males have often almost as great a wing-expanse 

 as the average-sized females. The latter, however, are usually larger, 

 and altogether more bulky. Reaumur notes that " the male only 

 differs from the female in being smaller, and in the brown colour of 

 the wings having some black wavy lines which are less marked 

 in the wings of the female." Chapman notes of the antennae: 3 . 

 About 10mm. long, but with a curve that leaves measure doubtful, 

 of some 60 joints ; dorsal scaling irregular, but showing each segment. 

 The plumules of the pectination show a specialisation that seems 

 common in the Eutrichids — viz., the lower set of plumules, at least 

 for the basal half of the antenna, are longer than the upper ones, 

 and their portion ot the antenna forms a sort of scoop, directed 

 forwards. This is not very pronounced in E. que re [folia, but the 

 longer are i'2mm. long, the shorter opposite them o*8mm. The longer 

 carry about 50 transverse rows of hairs, three or four on either side, 

 and the half-rows not always quite opposite each other. There 

 is no terminal thickening, but the one side is straight, the other 

 curved over at the end. There are three or four stronger bristles 

 at or near the end, but the strong spike seen in the antenna 



