204 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



that the colour is deep purple-blue rather than red. It occasionally 

 happens that very small specimens (ab. hoegei, Heu., especially $ s) 

 are occasionally caught and more frequently bred. There 

 appears also to be some difference between the size of specimens 

 bred from various localities, probably, though, induced by artificial 

 conditions of life in confinement, e.g., three New Forest $ s vary 

 from 2. 9" — 3", and six from Chelmsford from 2. 3" — 2". 6". D'Aubuisson 

 twice bred small examples as a second brood (Caradja). • Warren 

 notes that in 1885 he bred an imago from Wicken, which is almost 

 exactly the same by reason of its colour as that of its smaller but 

 rarer relative, G.ilicifolia. Gauckler records (Illus. Woeh.fiir Ent., ii., 

 p. 85) an example in which the hind wings had a semicircular 

 concavity, as if a piece had been taken out of the anal angle of each 

 hindwing (ab. incomplete:, n. ab.) He further notes {Joe. cit., p. 143) 

 very large larvae of E. quercifolia found near Vienna, June 24th, 1896, one 

 of which was 155mm. in length, others equally large were taken in 1889 

 and 1 89 1, two females bred from which measured 100mm. — 120mm. in 

 expanse (ab. major, n. ab.) Eversmann describes two forms from the 

 Volgo-Ural district : «• Brunnea seu fusco-cuprea. ,3. Brunneo- 

 fulva. Staudinger notes seven specimens from Saisan, of medium 

 size, the wings rather light red-brown with yellow fringes, which 

 rather rarely occurs in Germany. On the forewings the dark outer 

 transverse line is almost entirely wanting, while the middle line, 

 and to a large extent the basal, is black and stands out very sharply. 

 Barrett notes (Lep. Brit., p. 44) a very light brown specimen, and 

 another pale buff with the lines and shades grey; other specimens 

 are occasionally suffused with smoky-black. Leech states {Proe. Zool. 

 Soe. Lond., 1888, p. 629) that the Japanese specimens are rich in 

 colour, and most nearly approach the form alnifolia\ Ochs. He further 

 adds that a specimen which he himself bred from a larva found 

 at Gensan is much paler than either Japanese or European examples 

 in his collection. We have some remarks on this form under the 

 var. ceiridifolia. The specimens that we have examined may be 

 roughly tabulated as follows : 



Ground colour ochreous. 



1. Ochreous (of same tint as E. populifolia) , without (or with ill-developed) 

 transverse lines — ab. ulmifolia-obsoleta, 11. ab. 



2. Ochreous, with well-developed transverse lines— ab. iilmifolia, Heuack. 



Ground colour yellowish-red. 



1. Yellowish-red (inclining to orange-ochreous), without (or with ill-developed) 

 transverse linesrrab. meridional is-obsoleta , n. ab. 



2. Yellowish-red (inclining to orange-ochreous), with moderately-developed 

 transverse lines— ab. meridionalis, Horm. 



3. Yellowish-red (inclining to orange-ochreous), with very strongly-developed 

 transverse linesr=ab. meridionalis -lineata, n. ab. 



Ground colour bright ferruginous or orange-red. 



1. Bright ferruginous, without (or with ill-developed) transverse lines=ab. 

 dalmatina, ( icrh. 



2. Bright ferruginous, with fairly defined transverse lines=ab. dalmatina-typica, 

 n. ab. 



3. Bright ferruginous, with very wide, dark, and strongly-marked transverse 

 lines=ab. dalmaiina-lineata, n. ab. 



4. Bright ferruginous, with the outer marginal area bidLCkishz^quercifolia, 

 Linn. 



5. Bright ferruginous, with well defined transverse lines, blackish costa to fore- 

 wings and shaded with blackish towards centre ofhindwings, inclining to purplish at 

 outer margin of wings— ab. alnifolia, Ochs. 



