212 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



and just traceable on the abdominal segments. The narrow 9th 

 abdominal segment has the tubercular areas occupied by velvety-black 

 spots. [It may be noted that the complicated dorsal pattern of the larva 

 of C. potatoria is distinctly to be traced, though in a modified form, in 

 that of D. pint, but is only very faintly traceable in that of E. 

 quercifolid. The orange mesothoracic and metathoracic spots 

 appear to be identical with those seen in larvae of C. potatoria 

 and Lasiocampa quercus, although they are dorsal in E. querci- 

 folia and subdorsal in L. quercusJ] All hairs — tubercular and 

 secondary — are fine, short and simple. Third instar : Length, after 

 second moult, five-eighths of an inch. Larva very similar to second 

 instar but browner ; the black dorsal spots (area of tubercles i) have 

 disappeared but the elevated areas arc still distinguishable, except on 

 the 9th abdominal ; the dark transverse band on 1st and 2nd 

 abdominals much weaker ; the general markings and mottlings on the 

 surface of the skin fainter, resulting in a more uniform tint; the mark- 

 ings on meso- and metathorax less conspicuous when the larva is at rest, 

 being hidden by folds of skin, the bright orange spots being the more 

 conspicuous, the black between being almost completely hidden, except 

 when the larva has been disturbed or is crawling ; the central portion 

 of the black area on the 3rd thoracic shows traces of blue. Fourth 

 instar (Hybernating stage) : Length varies from seven-eighths to 

 seventeen-sixteenths of an inch ; the white blotches behind the dark 

 transverse markings on mesothorax in some larvae very strongly 

 marked ; on the 2nd to 7th abdominal segments in most larvae is a 

 double series of oblique white dorsal streaks, approaching each 

 other anteriorly ; their ends just within the raised areas of dorsal 

 tubercles i, which tend to become dark again (these were black in second 

 instar, almost lost in third). Lateral processes on the 1st abdominal 

 segment give rise to a more prominent brush of hairs than on the others ; 

 the swollen bases of anterior trapezoidals on the 8th abdominal segment 

 distinct though weak compared with size of larva to previous stages 

 and placed well forward on 8th abdominal. The following is a more 

 detailed description of hybernating stage — Spiracles : Not conspicuous, 

 a long, narrow oval in shape, almost slit-like in appearance \ those 

 on prothorax and Sth abdominal segments are much enlarged ; grey 

 in colour, differing little, if at all, from ground colour of larvae (two 

 larvae examined, one medium grey and the other very dark, almost 

 black ; in both larvae the colour of spiracles closely matched the 

 ground colour of larva), surrounded by a narrow black border in 

 the centre of which is a very narrow and apparently raised white 

 line ; on one of the larvae examined this white line was wanting on 

 the prothoracic spiracle. Lateral processes : On thoracic segments 

 long, fleshy-looking, finger-shaped projections pointing forwards and 

 downwards, bearing a fan-like brush of black hairs and more 

 numerous fine and scattered grey ones ; on the abdominal segments 

 the processes are double or twin, and are, in all cases, much 

 shorter than the thoracic ones, excepting the posterior fork of the 

 process on the 1st abdominal, which is fully as long as the 

 thoracic ones, and bears a pencil of long black hairs t as long as 

 thickness of body) ; the posterior fork of the twin process on the 2nd 

 and 7th abdominal segments is also lengthened, on the 2nd to nearly 

 the same extent as on the 1st, but on the 7th to a much less extent ; on 



