218 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



stout in texture. The posterior portion of the cocoon for about '5 

 in. is filled with the cast larval skin, the pupa completely filling the 

 remainder, except a small space at the top. From their outward appear- 

 ance, one would hardly expect the cocoons to contain such large pupse. 

 The pupae are marvellously closely packed (Bacot). (5) The cocoon 

 " est fort longue, et souvent pointue a un des bouts a tel point, que 

 si l'autre bout etoit plus applati, elle auroit une figure a peu pres 

 conique. La base de la coque est d'une soye grisatre, mais des 

 poils entrent dans sa composition ; son tissu est mediocrement epais 

 et serre • aussi n'est-elle pas dure ; mais son interieur est entierement 

 poudre d'une espece de farine qui bouche les vuides que les fils 

 laissent entr'eux. Cette poudre blanche s'y trouve en aussi grande 

 et plus grande quantite, que la poudre jaune dans les coques 

 des chenilles appelle'es livrees " {Mem., ii., p. 284). Burrows notes 

 that the cocoons are sometimes spun very loosely, and that on June 

 5th, 1893, a fine pupa fell into the umbrella without injury when 

 he was larva-beating. Fenn notes the cocoon as composed of 

 tough grey silk, intermixed with larval hairs, fusiform in shape, 

 flattened on one side, adhering to a stem among the twigs of 

 the bush on which the larva has fed. 



Pupa. — 5. Stout, smooth in outline, just 1*5 in. long, - 5 in. 

 wide (from veneer to dorsum at 4th abdominal) ■ the ventral area 

 almost straight (lying along the line of the twig to which the cocoon 

 is attached) dorsally it is curved (following the outline of the 

 cocoon) except that, being shorter, the curves are more abrupt than 

 those of the cocoon at head and anus. The surface is dull, smooth 

 on wing-cases, rather rougher on the other areas, very dark-brown 

 or black, but colour obscured by being dusted over with a whitish 

 powder that gives it a bluish-grey appearance ; this powder consists 

 of minute crystals, and renders accurate observation of the sexual 

 organs, spiracles, and other small pupal structures almost impossible. 

 The anus is bluntly rounded ; the head, dorsum and anus, with 

 numerous short, stout bristles scattered and in patches, these help 

 largely to retain the white powder on the pupal surface ; the 

 prothorax and dorsal headpiece united (and apparently dehisce in 

 one piece) the mesothorax large, the metathorax small ; the 4th 

 is the largest of the abdominal segments, both in girth and length 

 (front to back); only a small slip of the hindwings is evident, this 

 reaches to about the middle of the 3rd abdominal ; the forewings 

 reach to nearly the end of the 4th abdominal, the outline of the 

 3rd pair of legs shows as a raised ridge on the costal margin of the 

 wings ; the antennas very short, only about half the length of the 

 2nd pair of legs, which are two-thirds the length of the 3rd pair ; 

 on inner side of the 2nd legs are a joint of the 1st pair of legs, 

 the palpi, and a short maxillary sheath ; the mouth-parts are too vague 

 to describe with certainty ; the spiracles large and distinct (somewhat 

 obscured by the white crystals) ; sexual organs not very clearly 

 marked. $ . The pupa-case is thickly dusted over with pale 

 powder ; on portions of the dorsal area, where it is caught by the 

 hairs, it is very thick ; on the meso- and prothorax and dorsal head- 

 piece it is "caked" on. Length of pupa 1*25 in., greatest diameter 

 laterally "375 in., and slightly more than this dorso-ventrally ; shape 

 very similar to that of the $ pupa, but not quite so thick at 



