EUTRICHA QUERC1F0LIA. 219 



middle and rather blunter at anus, tapers less towards head and 

 anus. Sexual organs are poorly developed, if anything less prominent 

 than in the female ; the antennas, as in the imagines, are about equally 

 developed, being broad at base, short, rather bent, and tapering 

 rapidly at or near the bend or elboAv. [These are the only differences 

 that I can discern ; in both male and female pupae the structures 

 are much obscured by the whitish powder.] (Bacot). Stout, anal 

 extremity blunt, entire surface covered with thick, whitish, floury 

 powder (Fenn). 



Dehiscenxe. — There is a break along the meso- and metathoracic 

 suture, also along the median line of the mesothorax ; another break 

 occurs along the median line of the prothorax and dorsal headpiece. 

 Ventrally there is a fracture along the suture separating the antennas 

 and wings, but the central mass (consisting of antennas, legs, mouth- 

 and faceparts) retains its position (Bacot). 



Parasites. — Hellins records a bright red, very long-legged mite, 

 which ran with great swiftness, and which he believed was externally 

 parasitic on a larva of E. quercifolia received from Wicken Fen. 



Foodplaxts. — Salix, Prunus spinosus, Pyrus, Graminis (Linne) 

 [the last-named wants confirmation], fruit-trees generally (Riihl), 

 Rhamnus catharticus, Salix caprea (Raynor), sallow (Glenny), 

 Crataegus oxyacantha (Holland), willow (Hancock), laurel (Pitman), 

 plum (Bowles), pear, peach (Reaumur), barberry (Favre), apple 

 (Speyer), Salix aurita, S. cinerea (Glaser), Sorbus aiuuparia (Krieg- 

 hoff), oak (Rossler), cherry, hazel (Kretschmer). In the Cambridgeshire 

 Fens, buckthorn is the most favoured foodplant, then sallow, but 

 buckthorn will give ten out of every twelve larvas found ; hawthorn 

 and blackthorn are only occasionally chosen (Farren) ; in Kent 

 blackthorn in hedges, and less frequently whitethorn. 



Habits and habitat. — Reaumur describes the similarity of the 

 imago to a bunch of dried leaves, with the pen of a true naturalist. 

 He calls it " Le Papillon paquet de feuilles seches," and after noting 

 that good observers were often deceived when they first saw it, he 

 proceeds : " Ses ailes superieures qui couvrent tout le corps, au-dessus 

 duquel elies forment un toit, ont des nervures qui, par leur espece de 

 relief et par leur disposition, imitent fort celles des feuilles : leur 

 contour superieur est dentele, comme l'est celui de plusieurs feuilles. 

 Les ailes inferieures debordent beaucoup les superieures, et ont de 

 meme et la couleur et les nervures et les dentelures des feuilles. 

 En devant de la tete, il a une espece de bee pointu forme par les 

 deux barbes, ou tiges barbues, qui se reunissent-la. Tune contre l'autre ; 

 elles semblent etre le bout du pedicule d'une des feuilles. Les 

 antennes couchees sur chaque cote du corcelet, et qui vont jusqu* a 

 l'origine des ailes, paroissent etre la continuation du pedicule d'une 

 feuille. Enfin, sans expliquer davantage sur quoi la ressemblance 

 est fondee, il est sur que, quand on voit ce papillon, est qu'on ne 

 scait pas qu'il est un papillon, on le regarde sans se douter qu'il en 

 soit un (Memoires, ii., p. 283 — 284). Reaumur further notes that the 

 imago is very quiet during the day, and, owing to its remarkable 

 appearance, rarely observed in the imaginal state, although the larvas 

 were common in the gardens and orchards around Paris. It is 

 abundant at light, in both sexes, flying from soon after dusk until about 

 11.0 p.m. ; we have seen as many as half a dozen dashing at 



