294 BRITISH LEP1DOPTERA. 



the body and base of the wings are also suffused with a distinct vinous shade more 

 resembling A. pernyl than A. roylei; the shape of the wings also agrees better with 

 that of A. pemyi. On the other hand, the ocellated spots resemble those of A. roylei, 

 but are considerably larger, the pupil especially being as large as in A. pemyi, but the 

 projection of the black outer rim, so conspicuous in A. pemyi, is scarcely indicated. 

 The other markings of the wings are well defined and resemble those of A. roylei. 

 On the under surface the insect agrees in colour and markings with typical A. roylei, 

 but the basal band is less distinct and perhaps less waved, and the submarginal 

 spots, dusted with white and pink, are larger and more distinct. Just inside these 

 is a very faint dark stripe, more distinct on the right wing. In A. roylei this is still 

 more indistinct, whereas in A. pemyi it is well-marked, but closer to the spots. The 

 antennae and the body of the hybrid are more like those of A. pemyi than of A. 

 roylei. The cocoon is fully as large as that of A. roylei, but, instead of there being 

 a considerable space between the outer and inner cocoons, there is scarcely any 

 interval between them. A pemyi has a similar but much smaller cocoon, and 

 hence it would appear that that of the hybrid would be of greater commercial value 

 than either (Kirby). 



(2) A. hybr. moorei, Tutt (roylei x pemyi). — The imago, in point of coloration, 

 is intermediate between the two species. Both sexes of the hybrid show the mealy 

 olivaceous colour of the pure A. roylei, dominated by a tinge of the ochraceous 

 colours of A. pemyi; the ochraceous tinge, however, is brightest across the discal area 

 of both wings within the transverse band, and more especially so in the ? . The 

 bands on both wings are more strongly developed than in A. roylei, and more so 

 even than in A. pemyi, the ocellated spots in both sexes are larger than in either A. roylei 

 or A. pemyi, the talcose central spot being much larger than in A. roylei, but about the 

 same size as in A. pemyi. The ocellated spot on the hind wings differs from that of A. 

 roylei, in having the upper curve somewhat extended upwards, thus giving it a slightly 

 lobate form as in some $ specimens of A. pemyi. Both sexes of the hybrid are 

 comparatively larger than the general size of A. roylei, and are much larger than A. 

 pemyi (Moore). 



Standfuss records in his Handbuch (pp. 99 — 100) the pairing of 

 Saturnia pavonia 6* with Actias luna 2 , nine apparently normal pairings 

 taking place, and over 1000 eggs being laid, but none hatched. A 

 crossing of S. pavonia $ with A. isabellae 2 also took place (loc. ci't.), 

 the 2 laying 98 eggs, of which 7 hatched ; the larvae did not, however, 

 long survive their first change of skin. Details of the hybridism 

 of Saturnia pavonia, spini and pyri will be found in our account of 

 the genus Saturnia (posted, pp. 296 et sea.). 



Subfam. : SATURNIINyE. 



Tribe : Saturniidi. 

 Genus: Saturnia, Schrank. 



Synonymy. — Genus: Saturnia, Schrank, " Fauna Boica," ii., p. 149 (1802) ; 

 Ochs., "Die Schmett.," iii., p. 6 (1810) ; iv., p. 46 (1816) ; Leach, "Edin. Ency.,' 

 ix., p. 132 ( 1 8 1 5 ) ; Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," i., p. 714 (1815); Samouelle, " Eut 

 Comp.," p. 246^(1819); Stphs., "111.," ii., p. 37 (1828); "Cat. Br. Ins.," pt. 2, 

 p. 45 (1829); "List Br. An. Br. Mus.," v., p. 45 (1850); Meig., "Eur. 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 156 (1830); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 49 (1829); 

 " Icon. Chen.," pi. ii., figs. 1 — 3 (circ. 1840) ; " Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 73 (1840) ; 

 Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 21, fig. 3c) (1839); Dup., "Icon. Chen.," pi. ii., iigs.a — h [circ. 

 1840); Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," p. 92 r (1840); Humph, and Westd., "Brit. Moths," p. 51 

 (1841); Evers., " Eaun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 116 (1844); H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 96 

 (1846); Bohem., "Vet.Ak. Hand.," 1848, pp. 146—147 (18^0); Hevdnr., "Lep. Eur. 

 Cat. Meth.," p. 28 (1851); Sta., "Man.," i., p. 160 (1857); Speyer, " Geog. Verbr.," 

 i., p. 417 (1858); ii., p. 288 (1862); Hein., "Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 196 (1859); 

 Humph., "Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 20 (i860); Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 30 

 (1861); 2nd ed., p. 70 (1871); 3rd ed., p. 127 (1901) ; Snell., " De Vliud.," p. 

 196 (1867) ; Berce, "Eaun. Franc.," p. 207 (1868); Nolck., " Lep. En. Estl.," i., p. 

 131 (1868); Newrh., "Brit. Moths," p. 48 (1869); Wllgra., " Skand. Het.," ii., 

 p. 130 (1869); Mill., "Cat. Lep. Alpes-Mar.," i., p. 146 (1872); Bang-Haas, 

 "Nat. Tids.," ix., p. 410 (1874); Cuni y Mart., "Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 71 

 (1874); " Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," "viii., p. 1 S3 (1876); Frev, "Lep. 

 Schwciz," p. 99 (1880); Kirby, " Eur. Butts, aud Moths," p. 126(1880)'; "Cat.," 



