320 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



1898, at Oxton (Studd) ; July 16th — 27th, 1898, in New Forest 

 (Carr) ; larva? pupated from August 24th, 1898, in Norfolk Broads 

 (Edelsten); August 6th, 1899, m ^ s ^ e °f Man, from heather and 

 blackthorn (Clarke); larvae July 31st, 1900, at Henny, August 8th, 

 1900, at Sudbury (Ransom). 



Larva. — First instar. — The newly-hatched larva is black at 

 first: the large warts are pale, but soon become as black as the 

 hairs on general surface ; length 2mm. — 3mm. according to amount 

 of extension. On the abdominal segments r — 7 the tubercles are : 

 i (anterior trapezoidals), a large boss or wart, terminating in a strong 

 stiff spine o^mm. in length, apparently without barbs, but seen 

 laterally with 3 transparent or pale points, the first just beyond 

 the middle, the others a little beyond ; in a circle round this are 

 6 long hairs about o^mm. in length, faintly barbed ; the bases of 

 the spine and these hairs form a circular top to the wart, below 

 this it continues same width (cylindrical) and then swells out, forming 

 a wider lower ledge or circle which, however, carries no hairs ; 

 ii (posterior trapezoidals) each represented by a single hair, with- 

 out raised base, arising just behind and slightly outside centre of 

 i ; the hair is about o^mm. in length and has some variations in tint 

 suggesting barbs, but these cannot be made out; iii (supraspiracular) 

 a rounded boss or wart carrying 7 hairs, not apparently differentiated, 

 about o'9mm. in length ; v, subspiracular, a wart similar to iii, carry- 

 ing 8 hairs very similar to those on iii; behind this and rather 

 beneath it, and on its slope differentiated by its not forming part 

 of the group of 8 hairs noted, is a single hair (? iv)*, very fine, 

 about o"i5mm. in length ; vi, vii, viii (?) on abdominal segments 

 1, 2, 7, and 8 are three bristles on either side, in line across seg- 

 ment, on abdominal segments 3, 4, 5, 6 are three bristles on each 

 proleg. The arrangement on segment 8 is hardly distinguishable from 

 the above, on the 9th, ? iv is represented by one bristle, and ii seems to 

 be internal to i, whilst on 10 there is an anal plate with a row of bristles 

 along its hind margin, on either side, 4 towards the centre, length o^mm., 

 then a solitary one and then a group of 8 massed together, length cr6 

 mm., there are many short bristles at the base of the anal claspers, 

 length o'i2mm. On thoracic segments 2 and 3, the tubercles are as 

 on the abdominal segments, except that I do not detect ii, and 

 between iv and v and the bases of the legs, is a small wart with 

 two long hairs, one in front of the other. On the prothorax is a 

 plate with 10 hairs on its anterior margin on each side, and one 

 posteriorly, one near the middle line ; below the plate is a lateral 

 wart with 10 hairs. The true legs have the usual 3 joints and a 

 claw, along with the claw are three identical spindle-shaped 

 processes, as long as the claw, pale and transparent, they seem to 

 be the same organs that, from their shape, I have called in other 

 young larvae " battledore palpi." The ventral prolegs have about 13 

 large hooks along the inner margin only of the circle, the anal prolegs 



* In the Satumian larva tin- subspiracular wart is usually considered to be formed 

 of tubercles iv -f v. Chapman gives his post -subspiracular tubercle in 1st stadium 

 as possibly iv moved down, and the subspiracular as v alone and not v 4 iv. The 

 tubercle mentioned here may lie a supplementary one, since there is good evidence in 

 some Satumian larvae that the subspiracular really is iv + v. It may of course 

 really be iv, absorbed in v in 2nd stadium, or atrophied. This explanation appeal's 

 necessary to make the references clear. 



