334 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



that the g s assemble best from noon to 2.30 p.m., after which 

 they get wild and will not settle ; at the time named, however, 

 they come up freely, many more being attracted by a 2 that is 

 held in the hand by one of the forewings than by one quite at 

 liberty, the struggles of the captive $ evidently diffusing more scent , 

 the $ s, he says, copulate freely with a ? thus held. Gordon 

 observes that, on the moors of Corsemalzie, any number of S s 

 can be taken by assembling, and though seen more frequently 

 from 3 p.m. — 4 p.m., they appear to fly at all times of the day; 

 Ash also considers 4 p.m. the time when S s fly most abundantly 

 at Skipwith, whilst Dalglish asserts that, in western Scotland, the 

 $ s fly on into the evening. Haggart, on the other hand, considers 

 1.30 p.m. the best time to assemble $ s at Galashiels, whilst 

 Lofthouse states that 2.30 p.m. is the most satisfactory time at 

 Great Ay ton. At Mallow, Newland notes that a captive ? attracted 

 $ s during three days, the males appearing regularly at 2 p.m. in 

 bright, hot sunshine, the nearest known habitat of the species 

 being two miles distant, whilst Burrows observes that, although a 

 $ was exposed at Brentwood daily from May 5th, she did not 

 attract any $ s till May 15th, when a number came up at about 

 2.30 p.m. Thornhill observed a $ at sallow-bloom in 1896 at 

 Boxworth, surely a most unusual occurrence. 



Habitat. — The habitats of this species are most diverse. It 

 abounds on most of the moors and downs throughout the British 

 Islands, appears to be equally abundant in the Fen districts, is 

 often an abundant hedgerow species, and is not uncommon in the 

 woods of Kent and elsewhere. Abroad it is found in equally 

 dissimilar situations, being abundant on the hills around Digne, 

 where the larvae abound in hedges, equally abundant on the heather-clad 

 moors of the Upper Hartz, occurs at Evolena and on most of the alpine 

 ranges to 5000 or 6000 feet, and in the valleys of the Upper 

 Engadine ; is very abundant at Gibraltar, where it is only met with 

 in the cork woods at the end of March ; occurs on the borders of 

 woods and meadows in the Zurich district (Ruhl), in dry meadows 

 at Damm (Hering) ; in Scotland, it is common on all moors and 

 mountains up to 3000 feet (Reid) ; in Ireland it is found on even- 

 bog (Kane). On the moors at Rannoch and the heaths in South 

 Carnarvonshire (Day), on the heaths of Dorset and Hants (Bankes), 

 the heaths and commons at Oxton (Studd), common on all the 

 Yorkshire moors, especially so on those of the West Riding (Butterfield), 

 on moorland wastes in the Carlisle district, Todhills moss was 

 literally covered with larvoe in 1856 (Armstrong), on the moors at 

 Ardclach (Thomson), on all the moors around Paisley and up the 

 western coast of Scotland (Dunsmore) ; on the mountain slopes of 

 Galway and Enniskillen from the sea level to 1200 feet (Allen), 

 distributed throughout the moorland and mountain districts of 

 Tyrone where heather is plentiful (Greer), on heaths on the 

 mountains around Windermere (Freeman) ; on all the heaths of 

 Gloucestershire (Mason), and of King's Lynn (Atmore), on the 

 heathery cliffs in Guernsey and Sark (Luff), on the cliff slopes at 

 Leigh and Benfleet (Whittle), on the slopes facing the sea at 

 Eastbourne (Montgomery); in Cambridgeshire it frequents all 

 sorts of localities, peat, gravel, chalk, and on hedges near the town 

 (Farren), on hawthorn hedges about Boxworlh (Thornhill), in the 



