SATURNIA PAVONIA. 335 



hedgerows at Brandon (Ransom), on hawthorn hedges at Namnr 

 (Lambillion), and also at St. Neots, Enfield, Tottenham, &c. (Bayne), 

 in the woods at Chatlenden (Tutt), in willow beds as well as 

 commons of heath and birch (Clarke), abundant all over Wicken 

 and the adjacent fens (Tutt), in the marshes at Pwllheli (G. O. Day), 

 and along the north bank of the Thames (Mera). 



Time of appearance. — From the end of March to the middle 

 of June, not altogether dependent on the season or latitude, e.g., 

 Porritt notes a beautiful $ in the third week of June, 1899, at 

 Rannoch, but found young larvae that had already left the eggs 

 at the same time. Fri'tsch gives dates from March 17th — May 27th 

 for Austria ; Walker notes end of March (earliest date March 6th) at 

 Gibraltar, and Standfuss the $ s quite over in early April, in 1892, at 

 Rome ; March 2nd, 1899, m tne Esterels, common March 18th, 1899, 

 at Trayas and Mai Internet (Chapman) ; abundant throughout April 

 at Digne (Tutt) ; April and May in the Eure dept., May 14th, 

 1883, at Pont de l'Arche (Dupont), May 1st, 1872, in Guernsey 

 (Luff); average date for Namur district, May 20th (Lambillion); 

 a pupa found in August, 1832, at Lycksele, in Lapp. Umensis, from 

 which a 2 emerged April 26th, 1834 (Zetterstedt). Autumnal 

 emergences are very rare, hut Blaber records one at Lindfield, 

 August 1 6th, 1886, and Standfuss mentions some {anted, p. 234) 

 obtained by keeping the pupae dry for 7 — 10 weeks, and then 

 freely and repeatedly moistening them. Actual dates are as follows : 

 common May 10th, 1843, a 2 also attracted $ Macrothylacia ruhi, 

 abundant on White Moss, April 28th, 1844 (Edleston) ; March 13th, 

 1850, at Lewes (Tompkins); larvae in autumn of 1849 at Stowmarket, 

 from which imagines emerged mid- April to mid-May, 1850 (Bree); April 

 1 8th, 1857, at Tilgate, May 15th, 1857, at Poynings (Image); June 2nd, 

 1858, 112 $ s attracted by a single ? at Roche Abbey ( Smith) ; June 

 1st — 2 1 st, 1858, at Greenock (Somerville); bred May 7th — 16th, 1859, 

 at Brighton (Merrifield) ; May 1st, 1859, on Wandsworth Common, 

 May 15th, near Leeds, August 16th, 1897, fullfed larvae at Lyn- 

 mouth, imagines May 3rd, 1898 (T. Briggs) ; May 9th, 1859, 

 attracted 50 3 s with 1 2 on Huddersfield moors (Varley) ; bred 

 April 30th — May 27th, i860, from Halifax, April 3rd — May 12th, 

 1861, from Lee, captured May 1st, 1862, at Tilgate, bred April 

 28th — May 3rd, 1885, from Barnsley, bred May 1st — 10th, 1887, 

 captured April 23rd, 1889, at Bournemouth, bred March 8th — May 

 19th, 1890, from Bournemouth ova, also June 1st, 1891, after being 

 two years in pupal stage (Fenn) ; April 5th — 18th, 1861, at Worcester 

 (Edmunds); May 6th — 10th, 1865, near Mansfield, May 12th, 1893, at 

 Sancreed Beacon, near Penzance (Daws) ; larvae, at Harray, Orkney, 

 July, 1866, n pupae obtained, 4 2 s emerged May 23rd — June 1 6th, 1867, 

 and 3 c? s April, 1868, the other 4 produced ichneumons (Traill); April 

 5th — 12th, 1868, at Chat Moss (Campbell); April 24th, 1868, at 

 Bromley (Jenner-Fust) ; February 5th, 1869, bred in a room without 

 a fire at Forest Gate (Phillips); April 25th, 1870, at Dartford Heath, 

 May 25th, 1890, at Teesdale Moors, October nth, 1891, pupa at 

 Chislehurst, cocoons spun on heather (Bower); May 8th, 187 1, 

 at Wanstead, April 16th, May 5th — 10th, 2 June 3rd, 1886, May 

 8th — 15th, June 9th, 1887, at Brentwood (Burrows); April 20th, 

 1875, at Bulmershe, April 28th, 1875, at Mortimer West, April 21st, 

 1889, at Bulmershe, April nth, 21st, 22nd and 24th, 1892, at Burghfield, 



