SPHINGIDES. 349 



Genus 2 : Celerio *, Halbbandierte, halbringleibige Schwarmer ; Flecken- 

 raupen. With small, globular, not retractile head, body smooth, a caudal horn, 

 coloured lateral spots ; pupa on the earth, among leaves ; imago on the sides 

 of the belly with interrupted rings, tongue longer, forewings elongate, smooth- 

 margined, inner margin hollowed, antennas as in the preceding. — C. galii, C. 

 euphorbiae. 



Genus 3 : Herse f . Tongue longest and thick, longer than body. — H. 

 convolvuli, H. ligustri [spiraeae), H. pinastri. 



Genus 4 : Atropos J. Tongue very short, thick, almost wanting. — A. solan i 

 (Sph. atropos) . 



In 18 1 5, Leach gave {Edinburgh JSncyclop., ix., pp. 130 — 

 131) the following groupings : 



Laothoe. — Ocellata, tiliae, populi. 



.Sphinx.— Porcellus, elpenor, lineata, galii, euphorbiae, pinastri, convolvuli, 

 ligustri, atropos. 



Sesia. — Stellaiarum, bombyciformis (^fuciformis, Linn.), fusiformis. 

 -^Egeria§. — Apiformis, crabroniformis, vespiformis, tipuliformis. 



In 18 1 6, Dalman (Vetens. Acad. Handlingar, pp. 204 et seqi) 



divided the Sphingides into the following groups : 



(1) Dilina — ocellata, tiliae, populi. (2) Sphinx — atropos, convolvuli, 

 ligustri, pmastri, galii, elpenor, porcellus. (3) HEMARIS — stellatarum, fuci- 

 formis, bombyliformis. 



Dalman names ocellata the type of Dilina, ligustri the type ot 

 Sphinx, fuciformis the type of Hemaris, but does not indicate the 

 type of his Sesia. He, however, places {Joe. cit., p. 217) Sesia in the 

 Zygae?iides, using the genus for apiformis, melanocephalus {crabroni- 

 formis), scoliaeformis, spheciformis, hylaeiformis, ichneumoniformis, 

 palpina, culiciformis, tipuliformis, etc. We may here repeat 

 that Snierinthus, Latr., was created for tiliae and ocellata 

 in 1802, that, in 18 10, ocellata was indicated as the type, 

 and that in 18 16, Dalman created Dilina for ocellata, tiliae and 

 populi, and also indicated ocellata as the type ; thus it would 

 appear that Dilina, Dalm., is synonymous with Snierinthus , Latr., and 

 falls as such, tiliae still awaiting, in 18 16, a separate generic restriction. 

 Dalman accurately fixes ligustri as the type of Sphinx, and, although 

 his Hemaris contains stellatarum, the type of Sesia and Macroglossum, 

 he names fuciformis as the type of the new genus, which becomes 

 restricted to the group of which the last-named species is the exponent. 



In 1808, Ochsenheimer had separated (Die Schmett., ii., p. 

 185) the true clearwings and limited Sphinx to the following species : 



Fam. I — Fuciformis, bombyliformis, croatica, stellatarum, oenotherae , 

 gorgon. Fam. II — Nerii, celerio, elpenor, porce!lus\\. Fam. Ill — Lineata, galii, 

 hippophaes, euphorbiae, zygophylli, vespertilio\\. Fam. IV— Atropos, convolvuli 

 ligustri, pinastri. Fam. V — Tiliae, ocellata, populi, querciis. 



In 1 816 the same author published a classificatory catalogue, the 



* The species, gallii and euphorbiae, appear to us to be possibly congeneric. 

 Hence Oken's generic name must stand for them. We propose making gallii the type. 



f As this genus retains ligustri, Linne's type of Sphinx, the name should 

 sink as a synonym of the latter genus. We therefore make ligustri the type, so 

 that Herse falls as a synonym of Sphinx. 



% Synonymous with Manduca, Hb.. and Acherontia, Lasp., atropos being 

 the type of all three. 



I Apiformis and crabroniformis are placed in Trochilium by Oken ; vespi- 

 formis is the only one mentioned here of the two other possible types of sEgeria (cfr. 

 antea, p. 348 footnote), and should, therefore, be accepted as the type. 



|| Fam. II is absolutely identical with Oken's genus Elpenor and contains 

 the same four species. Fam. Ill contains both Oken's genotypes of the genus 

 Celerio (see supra). 



