366 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



b. Small caudal horn . . . . . . . . Eumorpha 



[elpenor). 



c. Caudal horn all but absent in all stages . . Theretra 



(porcellus). 

 2. Without tumid 1st and 2nd abdominal segments, and 

 with tendency to produce ocellated spots on many 

 segments. 



a. With single row of ocellated spots . . . . Phryxus 



(livomzca). 



b. With double row of ocellated spots .. .. Celerio (galii, 



euphorbiae). 



B Tubercles i and ii on meso- and metathorax conjoined, or in close 



proximity on same subsegment; no enlarged 1st subsegment ; the caudal horn long 



and markedly developed in ist stage, and forked to a greater extent than in A 



(? good character). 



i. With forked hairs but not tumid thoracic segments — 



a. With primitive 1st stage {i.e., without 

 secondary hairs in ist stadium). 



i. With forked hairs slightly developed 



in 1st stadium .. .. SESIA (stellatarum) . 



ii. With forked hairs very strongly 

 developed. 



a. Hairs pale green . . . . Hemaris ffuci- 



formis). 

 j3. Hairs black . . . . Hemaris {tityus). 



b. Primitive ist stage lost, i.e., a coat of 



secondary hairs developed in ist stadium ; 

 head triangular in outline. 



i. Head rounded in ist stadium ; yth 



oblique stripe strongly developed . . Mimas {tiliae). 

 ii. Head variable in ist stadium ; 7th 



oblique strongly developed . . ,. Smerinthus 



(ocellata) . 



(popuh). 



iii. Head triangular in ist stadium; 1st 

 and 7 th oblique stripes strongly 

 developed . . . . . . . . Amorpha 



2. Larvae with slightly tumid and translucent-looking 

 thoracic segments in later stadia ; forked hairs ill- 

 developed if present. 



a. With stiff, pointed, curved caudal horn. 



i. Markedly forked in ist stadium „. Hyloicus 



(pi/iastri). 

 ii. Not markedly forked in ist stadium Sphinx [ligustri). 

 iii. Agrius {con- 



volvuli) . 



b. With peculiar downward curved rough horn. 



i. Manduca 



{atropos) . 



Based on certain pupal characters, e.g., the keeling of the pro- 

 boscis, the position of the glazed eye, the specialisation of the lateral 

 surfaces of abdominal segments 5, 6, 7 in front of spiracles, &c, 

 Chapman obtains the two following main divisions : 



1. Broadly similar to the Saturniids or Ceratocampids — the proboscis short, 

 allowing wings to meet in the middle line and presenting no trace of keeling or 

 projections ; convexity of glazed eye towards middle line Neutrally, labium ventral ; 

 a dorsal suture or mesothorax ; no first femur visible — AMORPHiDiE (AmorpJiinac, 

 Ambulic'mae). 



2. Proboscis to extremities of wings, separating them in middle line, always 

 with some fulness in region of labial palpi, least in Manduca {Acherontia) , strongly 

 keeled, or with a definite projecting horn; glazed eve with convexity directed forwards ; 

 labium at anterior extremity of papa or even dorsal ; no dorsal suture ; fust femur 

 exposed — Si'HiNGlD.K {Sesiinae, Eatno/p/iinae, Sphingiiiac, Munducinae). 



Based on the whole of the structural characters obtainable in 



