MIMAS TILI^E. 409 



July 23rd, 1893, larva in about 2nd skin on lime, August 6th, 

 1895, fullgrown on lime, July 12th, 1896, in last skin on fence at 

 Crouch End (James) ; larvae on elm, plentiful, all sizes, July 30th, 

 1894, at Worcester Park (Kaye); September 12th, 1894, fullfed 

 at Sudbury (Ransom) ; July 5th, 1895, fullgrown larva at Chelms- 

 ford (Miller) ; July 6th, 1896, at Chichester (Anderson) ; larvae on 

 lime, July 20th, 1896, July 22nd, 1897, at Whitwell (Freeman); 

 August 8th — 14th, 1897, at Brentwood, August 6th, 1900, on lime 

 at Hazeleigh (Raynor). Himsl gives July to September as the 

 best time for larvae at Postlingberg, in Upper Austria. 



Larva*. — First stadium : Very long and slender in form ; the 

 head rounded, quite unlike the pointed head of mature larva ; the 

 caudal .horn (about one-fourth or one-fifth length of larva) colourless 

 on emergence but soon darkens, a result brought about by the 

 hairs with which it is covered turning black ; the only trace of 

 anal plate consists of a few prominent tubercles on 10th abdominal 

 segment. Second stadium : The head more triangular, but not 

 quite of the mature shape ; the tubercles on it give it a very rough 

 appearance, at the apex two prominent yellow processes ; a dark 

 dorsal line and oblique stripes are very faintly marked in this 

 skin : the caudal horn is dark red or crimson in colour, the mammillae 

 or shagreen hair-bases giving it a thorny appearance ; the setae at 

 the tip of each fork shorter. Third stadium : Head more pointed 

 and the processes at apex larger ; the yellow lateral lines of the 

 head visible but not yet distinct, each segment apparently divided 

 into eight subsegments, the mammillae being arranged in eight 

 rings on each segment ; the anal plate now composed of 3 

 or 4 mammillae, tinged with dark red or brown ; oblique stripes 

 stronger, the 7th pair not running up the caudal horn as in larvae of 

 Amorpha populi and Smerinthus ocellata. Fourth stadium : Larva stouter 

 but still long and slender compared with that of £. ocellata. The 

 apical head-processes tall and bearing 2 or 3 simple setae ; the 

 mammillae large, tall, conical, carrying short thick unforked 

 hairs ; also a few hairs arising from the general body surface ; 

 the oblique stripes well-marked, yellow, bordered anteriorly with 

 darker green than the rest of the body ; the 7th pair very strongly 

 developed, the 6th pair faint. [Some slight variation in caudal 

 horn, in some both the horn and hairs are unforked, in others both 

 hairs and horn slightly forked.] Fifth stadium : The processes 

 on apex of head have almost disappeared ; the apex slightly notched ; 

 the surface of the head smooth ; the shagreen points only appearing 

 as pale dots, the anal scutcheon, now dark crimson, bordered with 

 yellow ; the caudal horn quite changed in appearance, bright blue 

 in colour, looks stiff and corneous ; is sharply pointed and curved 

 backward. [Larvae of S. ocellata and A. populi also have this stiff 

 curved caudal horn in final stage, but not so well-developed as 

 in M. tiliae, which approaches larva of Sphinx ligustri in this 

 particular, although, in the latter, the horn is larger and black.] The 

 mammillae or shagreen points on body surface, smaller, flatter, and 

 carry simple hairs. Considerable variation in colour, some with deep 

 crimson blotches bordering stripes anteriorly, sometimes before 

 all, at other times before only some, of the stripes ; the 6th pair 



* Already described in detail, antea p. 387. See also p. 367. 



