SMERINTHIDI. 423 



below the last blue streak, produce the ocellated spots of such forms 

 as Bellia caecus and geminatus. Following this, we have the central 

 black bars detached at the ends, forming a central black spot or pupil 

 in the blue iris as in vancouverensis ; then the black centre becomes 

 suffused with blue scales, and the whole ocellated area enlarged, as in 

 ocellata. A further development, or a separate line of evolution, from a 

 form similar to Nicholsonia saliceti, in which the upper portion of the 

 double blue spot as seen in B. caecus tends to increase at the expense 

 of the lower, produces the ocellated spot of such species as my ops 

 and astylus, in which it consists of a small central blue spot, 

 surrounded by a broad black margin. 



The Smerinthid egg (as represented by S. ocellata) is green, 

 with a faint polygonal reticulation, and a depression on the upper 

 surface. - The newly-hatched larva is almost of the same outline and 

 proportions as the adult, but with rounded head, which, in the second 

 instar, however, becomes triangular and is provided with a pair of well- 

 developed apical points. The larva spins a frail earthen puparium with 

 few or no silken threads. In shape, the pupa falls between that of the 

 Mimantids and Amorphids, being more rounded than the former at the 

 anal end, the bosses on the underside of the anus being scarcely visible; 

 the surface smooth and polished ; the anal spike smooth and 

 relatively small. The imaginal frenulum, in the $ , has a very 

 short bristle and the loop is absent, whilst in the $ it consists of 

 a cluster of small bristles ; the whole appliance probably useless. 



Genus: Smerinthus, Latreille. 

 Synonymy. — Genus: Smerinthus, Latr., " Hist. Nat.,*' iii., p. 401 (1802); 

 xiv., p. 135 (1805); "Gen. Crust.," iv., p. 210 (1809); " Consid.," p. 440 (1810); 

 Ochs., "Die Schmett.," iv., p. 45 (1816); Sam., " Ent. Comp.," p. 243 

 (1819) ; Godt., "Hist. Nat.," iii., p. 68, pi. xx., fig. 2 (1821) ; Stephs., "111. 

 Haust.," iv., 1, p. 112 (1828) ; "Cat. Br. Ins.," pt. 2, p. 30 (1829) ; "List Br. An. 

 Br. Mus.," v., p. 26 (1850); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 34 (1829); 

 "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 49 (1840); " Sp. Gen. Lep. Het.," i., p. 17 (1875); 

 Wood, "Ind. Ent.," pi. xi., fig. 7 (1839); Westd., "Gen. Syn.," p. 88 

 (1840); Dup., "Icon. Chen.," pi. vii., no. 1 {circ. 1840); "Cat. Meth.," 

 p. 45(1844); Humph, and Westd., " Brit. Moths," p. 7 (1841); Evers., "Faun. 

 Volg.-Ural.," p. 114 (1844); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 91 (1846); Chaum., 

 " Zool.," ix., p. 3244 (1851); Hevdenr., "Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth.," ed. 3, p. 19 (1851); 

 Sta., "Man.," i., p. 87 (1857); Speyer, "Geog. Verb.," i., p. 325 (1858); Hein., 

 "Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 150 (1859); Humph., " Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 7 (i860); 

 Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 16 (1861) ; 2nd ed., p. 37 (1871); 3rd ed., p. 99 (1901); 

 Wallgrn., " Skand. Het.," i., p. 17 (1863); Rbr., " Cat. Lep. And.," ii., p. 136 (1866); 

 Snell., " De Vlind.,'* p. 101 (1867); Berce, " Faun. Franc.," ii., p. 27 (1868); Nolck., 

 "Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 90 (1868); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 4 (1869); Mill., 

 "Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," i., p. 120 (1872) ; Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., 

 p. 403 (1874); Cuniy Mart., "Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 41 (1874); Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 Ital.," vii., p. 113 (1875); Buth, " Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond.," ix., p. 590 (1876); 

 Kirby, "Eur. Butts, and Moths," p. 74 (1879); "Cat.," p. 711 (1892); 

 "Handbook, &c," iv., p. 60 (1897) ; Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 58 (1880); 

 Hellins, " Buckl. Larva?," &c, ii., p. 99, pi. xx., fig. 1 (1887); Auriv., " Nord. 

 Fjar.," p. 43 (1889); Bacot, "Ent. Rec," vi., p. 174 (1895); Meyr., "Handbk.," 

 p. 299 (1895) ; Barr., "Lep. Brit.," ii., p. 3 (1895) ; Lucas, "British Hawk- 

 Moths," p. 123 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Moths," p. 20 (1896); Lamb., "Ent. Rec," 

 xi., pp. 330 et seq. (1899); Bartel, " Pakeark. Gross-SchmeLt.," ii., p. 171 (1900). 

 Sphinx, Linn., " Sys. Nat.," 10th ed., p. 489 (1758); 12th ed., p. 796 (1767); 

 "Faun. Suec," 2nd ed., p. 286 (1761) ; "Mus. Ulr.," p. 341 (1764); Poda, 

 "Ins. Mus. Graec," p. 80 (1761) ; Scop., "Ent. Carn.," p. 182 (1763); Mull., 

 " Fn. Frid.," p. 37 (1764); Hfn., " Berk Mag.," ii., p. 178 (1766); Fab., "Sys. 

 Ent.," p. 536 (1775); "Spec. Ins.," ii., p. 139 (1781); " Mant. Ins.," ii., 'p. 

 92 (1787) ; " Ent. Sys.," hi., pt. 1, p. 355 (1793) ; Schiff., " Schmett. Wien.," 1st 

 ed., p. 41 (1775); 2nd ed., p. 5 (1801) ; Esp., " Schmett. F,ur.," ii., p. 27, 



