434 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Very little change. The subdorsal stripes are yellow ; the oblique 

 stripes whiter, bordered with green of a darker shade than the ground 

 colour; the 7th stripe is continued to the base of the horn, and this 

 stripe is stronger than the rest ; the horn is pink in front, green 

 behind, with the tip blue. Fourth stadium: The red processes on 

 the apex of the head are usually well developed, but are subject to 

 considerable variation, in one larva they are reduced to small red 

 knobs, in others twisted across each other, and sometimes quite 

 flattened down ; the bases of the shagreen hairs are very prominent 

 in this stage, but are either absent or very small on the dark 

 borders of the oblique stripes ; the caudal horn is now short and 

 thick, it it not bifid, but tapers to a point. The hairs in this stage 

 are, as a rule, single, but some of the longer ones which spring from 

 small tubercles are still forked. Fifth stadium : The processes on 

 the apex of the head have entirely disappeared ; the surface of the 

 head very rough and granulated ; the bases of the shagreen hairs 

 are smaller in proportion than they were in the preceding stage ; 

 no trace of forked hairs observed in this instar, the stripes as in 

 the last two stadia, the subdorsal usually distinct on the thoracic 

 segments ; the 6th oblique weak, the 7th strong ; there are some- 

 times traces of an additional pair of oblique stripes in front of the 

 normal first pair (Poulton mentions a larva in which there were 

 traces of two additional pairs of stripes) ; the horn is blue, similar 

 to that of the larva of M. tiliae but not quite so large (Bacot). 

 The newly-hatched larva varies from 4mm. — 5mm. in length, the 

 caudal horn from 1*2 5mm. — i^mm. The whole skin is covered 

 with very fine two-pronged hairs, the usual dots emitting similar 

 ones of stouter make ; the horn is covered with tiny two-pronged 

 spines, and has two sharp strong spines at the tip ; the general colour 

 is pale, somewhat yellowish-green, the back rather fuller in tint, the 

 horn dull pink ■ the ventral feet increase gradually in size from seg 

 ment 7 to 10. After a day's growth there can be seen faint traces of 

 pale slanting streaks on the side. At the first moult the larva is about 

 9mm. long ; the horn does not grow except at the moults ; there is 

 now a fuller green thread down the back on segments 2 — 4, a strong 

 yellowish-white subdorsal line, which goes on faintly to the horn, and 

 on segments 5 — 12 seven whitish streaks slanting upwards and back- 

 wards. After the first moult there comes a change in the form of the 

 head ; it was rounded, but now the lobes become almost triangular, and 

 are quite pointed at the top ; the skin becomes covered with little points 

 still emitting the two-pronged hairs; the horn is now 2'5mm. long, and 

 still bears tiny spines as before. At the second moult the larva is 

 about 15mm. long; the skin shows eight wrinkles to each segment, 

 the subdivisions bearing each a transverse row of pale yellow points. 

 The slanting streaks are yellow; the lobes of the head outlined on 

 their outer edges with yellow, their sharp tips rich red ; the horn, 

 3mm. long, is pale yellow, with a pink line on its upper side. At 

 the third moult the larva is about 20mm. long, has now become stout 

 in figure ; the face is still long, and the points of the lobes project 

 so much that, in some cases, they cross one another ; the horn is 

 stout, whitish on the sides, with a purplish stripe on the upper surface ; 

 the rough points on the skin are whitish, and the lateral stripes are 

 whitish, edged in front with deeper green than the ground. At the 



