smerinthus ocellata. 439 



segmental subsegment, and is best seen laterally on the 4th and 

 5th abdominals, where its sculpturing consists of a few oblique 

 impressed lines. Another feature of the abdomen is a dorsal 

 suture-like groove, often very deep on the 1st subsegment of the 

 3rd, 4th, and 5th abdominal segments. The pitting and wrink- 

 ling, in specimens where it is to some extent wrinkling, are most 

 marked dorsally and at the anterior borders of segments. 

 Laterally, the subsegmentation fades out, except the interseg- 

 mental subsegment, which is there most marked, and on the 5th, 

 6th, and 7th abdominals the ridge of the first subsegment forms 

 a rather sharper edge just above the spiracle, reminding one of 

 the flange in Sphingids (sens, rest.), and this feature, like all the 

 other sculpturing, varies exceedingly in different specimens, and 

 often cannot be found. The scar of the horn on the 8th abdominal 

 segment may be merely a faint depression towards posterior 

 margin of segment ; usually the depression is very decided, and 

 is smoother than the surface around, but not polished, rarely 

 there is a very definite prominence at the anterior margin often a 

 hollow. The proleg scars (on the 5th and 6th abdominals) are 

 equally variable, often mere depressions, without distinctive 

 sculpturing, that would be passed over as accidental, they fre- 

 quently are smooth hollows, transversely elongated to an oval form 

 with definite margins and terminating externally in a curiously 

 deep small pit, which is sometimes double on the 6th abdomi- 

 nal segment ; these pits as shallow depressions are common ; 

 as deep pits (as though a pin had been thrust in) they are 

 rare. Very similar pits, with a similar range of variation, are 

 found just behind each spiracle. The 8th abdominal spiracle is as 

 usual a mere scar. On the 9th and 10th abdominals the sculptur- 

 ing consists of very small circular pits rather sparsely placed, 

 i.e. j 3 or 4 times their own diameter apart. The 10th abdominal 

 segment is tolerably smooth, and almost entirely without the 

 two lateral fulnesses that are so prominent in pupae of Amorpha 

 populi and Mimas tiliae, and look like a persistence of the anal 

 prolegs ; still a scar of the anal prolegs may be detected, and this 

 appears as a rather smoother place on each side of the anal fissure. 

 The cremastral armature is a pyramidal eminence about imm. in 

 length and width, perhaps rather longer than broad, in so far that 

 the extremity is somewhat produced whilst the base is constricted 

 as though it had had a thread tied tightly round it ; ventrally it 

 is smoother and flatter, dorsally it is rough with strong sharpish 

 points, of which several occur close to the apex, seen laterally, it 

 is curved a little dorsad, and looks as if two more threads, at equal 

 intervals, had made slight grooves across the dorsum ; there is 

 a rather deep hollow at the ventral base of the spine ; in front of 

 this is the oval anal scar ; sometimes blurred, at others consisting 

 of three fine parallel grooves with two intermediate ridges, or four 

 if the outer margins of the outer grooves be counted. In front 

 of the 9th abdominal segment are two small, polished, nearly 

 hemispherical tubercles, with a minute pore between, but rather 

 anterior to them. The $ pupa is more robust than that of the 

 S , but not sufficiently marked in every case to enable them to 

 be separated by this character, nor is there any other sexual 



