AMORPHA POPULI. 461 



Eur. Larv.," p. 5 (1782); Stoll, "Pap. Ex.," iv., pi. 398 A (1782); Bkh., 

 " Sys. Besch.," ii., p. 106 (1789): Brahm, " Insek.-Kal.," ii., i, p. ^ T2 

 (1791); Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," fig. 74 (circ. 1800) ; text p. 99 {circ. 1805); 

 "Larvae Lep.," ii., Legit. D. a, b {circ. 1800); "Tent.," p. 1 (1806); " Verz.," 

 p. 141 (circ. 1822); " Franck Cat.," p. 88 (1825); Schrk., "Faun. Boica|" 

 ii., 1, p. 222 (1801) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," 1, p. 64 (1803); Latr., "Hist. 

 Nat.," xiv., p. 135 (1805); ''Gen. Crust.," iv., p. 210 (1809); Ochs., "Die 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 252 (1808); iv., p. 4.5 (1816) ; Leach, " Edinb. Encv.," ix., p. 130 

 (1815); Oken, "Lehrb. Zool.." i., p. 753 (1815) ; Dalm., "K. Vet. Ac. Handl.," p. 

 212 (1816) ; Sam.. " Ent. Comp.," p. 243 (1819) ; Godt., " Hist. IS at.," hi., p. 71, 

 pi. xx., fig. 3 (1821) ; Stephs., " Illus.," i., p. 112 (1828) ; iv., app. p. 5(1835); " Cat. 

 Br. Ins.," ii., p. 30(1829) ; " List Br. An. Br. AIus.," v., p. 26 (1850) ; Meig., " Eur. 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 150 (1830) ; Bdv., " Eur. Lep. Ind. Meth.," p. 34 (1829) ; "Icon. 

 Chen.," ph vi., figs. 1—3, vii., fig. I (circ. 1840) ; " Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. 

 49 (1840) ; " Sp. Gen. Lep. Het.." i., p. 23 (1875) ; Dup., " Hist. Nat.," supp. 

 ii., pp. i6r, 162 (1835); "Icon. Chen.," pi. 72 (circ. 1840); " Cat. Meth.," p. 

 45 (1844); Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 12, fig. 9 (1839); Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," 

 p. 916(1840) ; Humph. & Westd., "Brit. Moths," p. 7 (1841) ; Evers., "Faun. 

 Volg.-Ural.," p. 115 (1844); H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 91 (1846); 

 Chaumette, "Zool.," ix., p. 3244 (1851) : Heydenr., "Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth.," 

 p. 19 (1851) ; Sta., "Man.," i., p. 87 (1857) ; Speyer, " Geog. Verb.," i., p. 325 

 (1858) ;ii., p. 280 (1862); Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 149 (1859); Humph., 

 "Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 7 (i860); Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 16 (1861); 2nd 

 ed., p. 37 (1871); 3rd ed., p. 99 (1901); Snell., "De Vlind.," p. 102 (1867); 

 Berce, "Faun. Franc.," ii., p. 28 (1868); Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Estl.." i., p. 90 

 868); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 4 (1869); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," (3), 

 ix., p. 403 (1874); Cuni y Mart.. "Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 41 (1874); Praun, 

 " Erg.," pi. i., fig. 11a (1874) > Mill.-, "Cat. Lep. Alp. -Alar.," p. 120 (1875) ; Curd,' 

 "Bull. Soc.Ent.lt.," vii., p. 113 (1875); Kirbv, "Eur. Butts, and Moths," p. 73 (1879); 

 "Cat.," p. 710 (1892) ; Handbk.," iv., p. 58 (1897) ; Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. .58 

 (1880); Poult., "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," p. 297 (1885) ; loc. cit, pp. 281 et seq. 

 (1887); Buckl., " Larvae," &c., ii., pp. 20, 103, pi. xx., fig. 2 (1887); Auriv., 

 "Nord. Fjar.," p. 44 (1889); Gould, "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," pp. 24T et 

 seq., pi. xi., figs. 11— 13 (1892) ; Aieyr., " Handbk.," p. 299 (1895) '> Barr., 

 "Lep. Brit.," ii , p. 7 (1895); Lucas, "British Hawk-Moths," p. 127 (1895): 

 Bacot, "Ent. B,ec," vi., p. 175 (1895) ; Griffiths, loc. cit., p. 256 (1895); 

 Tutt, " Brit. Moths," p. 23 (1896) ; Prout, t: Ent.," xxxii., p. 60 (1899); Bartel, 

 " Palaeark. Gross-Schmett.," ii., p. 183 (1900). 



Original description. — Sphinx popnli, alis angulatis reversis ; 

 posticis basi ferrugineis ; anticis puncto albo. Fn. Sitec, 810. 

 Phaleena prismicornis spirilinguis, alis planiusculis erosis griseis, 

 antennis albis. Roes., Ins., 3, supp. t. 30. De Geer, Ins., 1, t. 8, 

 f. 5. Alb., Ins., t. 57. Habitat in Popnlo, Salice rubra (Linne, 

 Sys. Nat., xth ed., p. 489). [Later Linne changes "angulatis" to 

 "dentatis" (xiith ed., p. 797).] 



Imago. — 65mm. — 102mm. Anterior wings with dentate outer 

 margin ; ashy-grey or greyish-brown in colour, with a basal transverse 

 line, median band, elbowed line and antemarginal line brown, a 

 dark brown patch also on outer margin from apex nearly to anal 

 angle ; nervures pale ochreous ; discoidal lunule well-marked and 

 white. Posterior wings with dentate margin ; of the same tint as 

 forewings ; three wavy transverse lines and outer margin brown ; 

 a large brick-red basal blotch. 



Sexual dimorphism. — The 2 is usually larger, paler, and much 

 less distinctly marked than the $ . The S s average from 70mm. — 

 83mm. in expanse ; the ? s from 72mm. — 90mm. The $ an- 

 tenna consists of about 40 visible joints, dorsal scaling nearly white, 

 faintly straw-tinted, hairs and ventral surface yellowish-brown, where 

 the arch of hairs touches the scaling the latter is raised a little as 

 being on a slight projection ; keel strong, long hairs arising from its 



