AMORPHA POPULI. \Q7 



is darker coloured. The partition-line along the middle of the body is sharply- 

 marked. Bred in 1898 at Berlin from a dug- pupa (Bartel, Palaeark. Gross - 

 Schmett., ii., p. 191). 



0". A faultless gynandromorph, bred by Jahn, from a pupa found at large 

 (Schiitze, Iris, ix., p. 323). 



x"- Head and thorax divided longitudinally, so that the right side is $ , 

 the left 2 . The last-named side shows the rare light red-grey colour, and 

 the hairs appressed, the 3 side is dark, more black-grey in colour, and has 

 dense raised hairs. Right antenna and right legs <? , left 2 . Left ( 2 ) wings 

 of a reddish tint, right ( s ) much darker, almost entirely dark grey. Abdomen of 

 the size of that of a small 2 , but no trace shown of a partition-line. It has com- 

 pletely the form, the hairs and the light colour of a normal 2 . The last segment 

 is very small, as are also the genitalia, which are somewhat aborted, yet completely 

 of 2 form (Frings, Soc. Ent.. vii., p. 179). 



ip" — a". Mr. Weaver reared three gynandromorphous A. populi, one of which 

 is now in the possession of Mr. Stevens. Right side <? , left side 2 (West wood, 

 Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., 1842, p. 202; Lefebvre, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., iv., p. 149 



(1835)). 



p'" . A gynandromorph found by Westwood in Bentley's collection [Lefebvre, 

 Ann. Soc. E?it. Fr., iv., p. 149 (1835)]. 



y". Halved gynandromorph. Bred by Auer of Berlin from a pupa found in 

 the neighbourhood (Bartel, Palaeark. Gross- Schmett., ii., p. 189). 



8'". Left J , right 2 . Bred at Weissensee, near Berlin {Joe. cit.). 



e". A gynandromorph noted by Kalender (Russ's Isis, iv., no. 20, 1879; 

 Bartel, Palaeark. Gross- Schmett., ii., p. 186). 



Z"'. Of medium size ; the right side smaller, <$ , the left larger, redder, 2 . 

 The palpi, eyes and genitalia are abnormal, and bear characters of both sexes. Bred 

 from larva at Moscow by Zetter. The difference in the antennae was noticed in the 

 pupa before emergence (Zetter, in litt.) (Treitschke, Die Schmett., x., 1, p. 

 141). [Possibly that figured by Fischer von Waldheim, antea, p. 463, gynand. k]. 



1)'". A very fine hermaphrodite, presented to me by Sheridan ; the wings, 

 antenna and legs on right side S , those on the left 2 ; the division as perfect 

 as if a 3 and 2 had been divided lengthwise vertically, and the halves of the 

 sexes united (Curtis, Frit. Ent., expl. pi. 482 (1834)). 



Variation. — Bacot observes that this species is more variable 

 than S. ocellata, but the variation is chiefly confined to a greater 

 or less intensity of the various tints, and not to an actual alteration 

 in the markings. In Britain, the ground-colour extends from 

 whitish-grey and pale reddish-grey to very dark grey, the latter 

 sometimes suffused with rose, giving it a distinct purple gloss. 

 Caradja notes the Roumanian form at Grumazesti as always grey, 

 which is, however, strikingly dark and sharply marked, whilst at 

 Comanesti, Leon obtains a brown form. Steinert in his fauna of 

 the Dresden district tells of an unusually large example of A. 

 populi. The specimen, a 2 , has a wing-expanse of 102mm. ; it 

 was bred by A. Kotzsch, of Loschwitz, near Dresden. The specimens 

 which exceptionally emerge in late summer or autumn, without hiber- 

 nation of pupa, are said to be distinguished by their less strongly 

 emarginate wings and the almost rounded tips of the projections. A 

 specimen of this species was found by Kollar, which had also 

 on the forewings a rust-red basal spot similar to that of the hind- 

 wings fcfr, Treitschke, Die Schmett., x., 1, p. 141). A large number of 

 the specimens from Transcaucasia are distinguished by very light red- 

 dish-brown colour, and approach more nearly to the var. populetormn 

 of A. populeti (Bartel). Newman observes that he bred, at Bexley, a $ , 

 on July 5th, 1897, after the pupa had been subjected to heat from 

 March, which had a very pink tinge ; pink and dark forms, however, 

 normally occur in all batches reared from Bexley larvae. West 

 has more than once noted that the cf s of the Lewisham and 



