AMORPHA POPULI. ' 469 



the next year; whilst we have already noted that Bartel says they 

 are to be distinguished by their less strongly emarginate wings, 

 and the almost rounded tips to the projections. Frey and 

 other continental authors remark on the usually paler colour 

 of the autumnal-bred specimens. Poulton exhibited at the meet- 

 ing of the Entomological Society of London, on May 7 th, 

 1902, four very small, almost unicolorous, light brown speci- 

 mens, bred as a second brood during the extremely hot weather 

 of the middle of July, 1900. Oberthiir observes that Scotch 



specimens (received from Pitcaple) are smaller than the normal 

 size of French examples. The Aberdeen examples that we have 

 observed have been strongly marked, and the $ s almost as dark 

 as the $ s, but of fair size ; males from Rannoch are very dark 

 and rather small ; the Sutherland $ s are also small in size, dark 

 grey in tint, brightly and decidedly marked, the central and sub- 

 marginal areas especially dark, the females dimorphic — both grey 

 and red forms occurring. Except for the fact that they are rather 

 smaller, there is no real difference between these and south of England 

 examples. The following appear to be the usual British forms : 



1. Dark grey; sharply defined markings; median and submarginal areas 

 especially clearly defined ; suffused with rose, giving the wings a purplish tinge ; not 

 uncommon in the $ s=:ab. roseotincta, Reuter. 



2. Dark grey ; sharply defined markings ; median and submarginal areas 

 especially dark ; hind wings usually with very bright russet basal patch ; frequent 

 form of c?s=ab. suffusa, n. ab. 



3. Paler grey, with less sharply defined markings ; rarer in <? , not uncommon 

 in ? ■=.! fiopiili, Linn. 



4. Whitish -grey, often with a faint yellowish tinge ; usually with ill-defined 

 markings; rare in both sexes:=ab. pallida, n. ab. 



5. Pale reddish-grey, the markings ill-developed ; very rare in the s , common 

 in the % — ab. rufescens, Selys. . 



6. Reddish-grey, leading up to foxy-red ; markings well-developed, rare in both 

 sexes=rab. fuchsi, Bartel. 



The following are the already-named aberrations and varieties of 

 this species : 



a. ab. roseotincta, Reuter, " Fort. Macrolep. Faun. Finl.," p. 20 (1893) ; 

 Buckell, " Ent. Rec," v., p. 276 (1894). — Corpore alisque superne saturate, 

 roseotinctis, maculis umbrosis intra inarginem exteriorem alarum omnium 

 fasciaque anticarum media ferrugineis, •? . Finland (Univ. coll.), Aland (Bjorn 

 Lendberg), Kristinestad (Sjoberg) [Reuter]. 



j3. ab. tremulae*, Bkh., " Rhein. Mag.," p. 649 (1793); Meig., "Eur. 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 150, pi. Jxviii., fig. 4 (1829) ; Koch, " Schmett. S.-W. 

 Deutsch.," p. 51 (1856); Glaser, " Der Neue Borkh.," p. 83 (1863); Carad., 

 "Iris," ix., p. 3 (1896). Popuii var., Esp., "Schmett. Eur.," pi. xxii., fig. 

 2 (1780) ; Bkh., " Sys. Besch.," ii., pp. 181—182 (1789) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett.," 

 ii., p. 251 (1808). Borkhauseni, Bart., " Palaeark. Gross-Schmett.," ii., p. 

 194 (1900). — In 1789 Borkhausen writes {Sys. Besch. , ii., p. 181): " Herr Esper 

 gives us, on pi. xxii of his Ahendschmetterlinge, fig. 2, a variety of the poplar-hawk, 

 which has the same contour as the ordinary form, but is only half as large. The 

 wings have no markings at all except the burnt-coloured spot at the base of the 

 hindwings, but are of an unicolorous light grey. The example from which Esper's 

 figure is taken is in the cabinet of Herr Jung of Uffenheim, and was bred by him 

 from a larva which only differed from the normal in its smaller size. Pastor Scriba 



* Tremulae, F. von Wald., " Oryctogr. Mosc," pi. x., figs. I — 2 (1830); Tr., 

 "Die Schmett.," x., 1, p. 140 (1834) : Dup., " Hist. Nat.," supp. ii., p. 29, pi. ii., 

 figs. 2a, & (1835) ; H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 91, pi. iv,, fig. 12 (1846); vi., 

 p. 50(1852); Bdv., "Spec. Gen.," i., p. 24 (1875); Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 99 

 (1901). — This is a distinct species, with a var. arnurensis, Staud., " Rom. Mem.," vi., 

 p. 292. Bartel has renamed Borkhausen 's tremulae and allowed Fischer's to stand. 

 But, according to the law of priority, it is Fischer's species that must be renamed, 

 and Staudinger's arnurensis will have to be adopted for it. 



