476 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



182) that his observations lead him to suppose that the imagines 

 from the early summer larvae are disclosed the same year, at 

 Darmstadt, after a pupal period of 3 or 4 weeks. He states that 

 the larvae which one finds late in autumn, often even after the frost 

 has injured the leaves, are from the second generation, that he has 

 noticed that these larvae, delicate as they appear, have yet a very 

 strong constitution. He says: "They freeze to a piece of ice, and 

 when by day they are thawed by the sun, they eat quite- cheerfully 

 the fallen poplar leaves, finally pupate, and produce in the follow- 

 ing May perfect moths." Ransom says (in lift.): "The larvae are 

 found later in the autumn than those of S. ocellata. I have frequently 

 found them when the leaves are falling, and a very small one on 

 October 4th, 1900. These larvae also rest and feed upon the 

 underside of the leaves, appearing to eat both by day and night. 

 Fullgrown larvae can often be found at the same time as unhatched 

 ova." For notes on the moulting habits, see anted,, ii., p. 17. Notes 

 on a peculiar licking habit of the fullfed larva are also given (anted, 

 vol. i., p. 99). The following notes on the larvae may be useful : July 

 to October, in Linz district (Himsl), October 12th, 1878, at Galli- 

 poli (Mathew), August 2ist-28th, 1886, at Jersey (Jordan); June 

 30th- August 14th, 1845, very young larvae August 17th, older larvae 

 September 4th, 1856, at Brighton, young larvae at Cuckfield, August 

 2nd-4th, 1857, possibly those of a second brood (Merrifield) ; larvae 

 July 5th-August 14th, 1865, August 8th, 1875, common July 

 and August, 1885, ova hatched on August 25th, 1887, larvae fullfed 

 September 23rd, also July 13th, and August 5th to September 26th, 

 1896, all at Lee (Fenn) ; very abundant, August, 1870, on poplar at 

 Douglas (Robinson) ; larvae plentiful on willow at Greswell on August 

 5th, 1870, at Butterwood on August 9th, 1871, at Bulmershe Park on 

 August 6th, 1880, at Burghfield on August 3rd, 1884, at Tilehurst, 

 August 10th, 1889, at Goring, August 14th, 1887, at Warren on 

 August 1st, 1890 (Holland); larvae, July 22nd- August 14th, 1871, 

 June 21st, 1872, small on June 26th, 1878, September 16th, 1879, 

 July 26th, 1893, all on poplar, September 6th, 1896, on sallow, 

 all at Lee, July 25th, 1889, on aspen, August 31st, 1895, on 

 willow at Bexley, September 19th. 1891, on aspen at Teesdale, 

 September 3rd, 1895, on poplar at Grove Park, September 12th, 

 1895, on willow at Darenth, August 18th, 1897, on osier at Bromley, 

 October 4th, 1897, on sallow at Stone (Bower) ; fullfed larvae at 

 Chat Moss, September 13th, 1879 (Auld) ; larvae, September 1st, 

 1880, at Palmerston Park (Flemyng) ; July, 1881, in north Devon 

 (Mathew) ; August 24th, 1881, at Jedburgh (Elliot) ; August 

 10th, 1886, July 19th, 1887, at Brentwood, September 21st, 1891, 

 at Bentley, September 2nd, 1892, at Mucking (Burrows); larvae, 

 September ioth-i4th, 1888, September 25th, 1889, September 5th- 

 6th, 1890, August 31st, 1892, July I7th-2ist, 1895, fullfed July 

 23rd, 1897, J" long, at Bristol, August 9th-September 22nd, 1892, 

 September 5th, 1893, at Braunton (Bartlett) ; larva?, July 18th, 

 1889, September 24th, 1892, August 25th, 1898, July 10th, also 

 October 25th, 1900, at Chiswick, July 18th, 1889, June 7th, 1892, 

 at Barnes (Sich) ; August 17th, larvae in last instar on willow, 

 August 30th, 1889, very small, on weeping willow at Lowestoft, 

 August 8th-ioth, larvae fullfed, 17th, 19th, 22nd, 29th, these had 



