AMORPHA POPULI. 479 



a few hours they were three-quarters of an inch in length. On 

 the thoracic segments were thin subdorsal and spiracular lines of 

 whitish points, and similar spots were on the back of the second 

 to fifth segments and along the front of the second segment, 

 where they formed a margin ; on the head also a line of white 

 spots was to be seen down the side of each lobe from the conical 

 crown ; indeed one may say that all the segments were roughened 

 or shagreened with fine whitish points. On the 19th and 20th of 

 July, some ??wulted the third time, others a few days later, the 

 shagreened roughness, the increased stoutness and the fuller and 

 yellow-green colour were at once very marked. They now grew 

 very rapidly and they moulted the fourth time* on the 27th, 28th, 

 and 29th of July, some were then marked with crimson spots one 

 on each segment along the subdorsal region, others had these 

 spots "only on the end of the 8th, 9th, 10th, nth, and 12th 

 segments, those on the 8th and 12th being larger than the rest; 

 the narrow oval spiracles were whitish, edged with crimson, and 

 just in front of each spiracle was a narrow oblong crimson spot 

 and a similar spot behind each spiracle, and just behind each 

 ventral proleg was a bar of yellow, followed by a bar of crimson. 

 The ground-colour of these larvae was then of a very brilliant 

 yellowish-green, studded with rough yellow points, of which the 

 largest and most prominent formed the slanting yellow lateral 

 stripes, of these the two thickest passed upwards and backwards 

 from the side of the 5th to the back of the 6th segment, and 

 from the 10th to the tip of the caudal horn, which was likewise 

 yellow. One larva was bluish-green, with the points and the stripes 

 quite pale yellow (Buckler). Second stadhcm (well advanced in the 

 second stage) : Yellowish-green in colour, 13mm. long when extended 

 at rest; the yellow marginal lines of the face terminate upwards in 

 two apical tubercles t, which are especially large, but not predominant, 

 and are without any distinctive colour. Two dorsal tubercles are 

 especially distinct upon the 2nd and the 3rd thoracic segments, con- 

 tinuing anteriorly the direction of the barely recognisable eighth stripe, 

 as in the young larva of Sphinx ligustri in which, however, the marking 

 is far more distinct and persistent. A semicircular crown, of 

 especially large tubercles, extends in the vertical plane immediately 

 behind the head upon the most anterior annulus of the 1st thoracic 

 segment. There are about 15 tubercles in the semicircle, and they 

 are directed forwards and produce a very striking effect. The 1st and 

 7th stripes are especially large and distinct ; the stripes and the 

 subdorsal are chiefly made up of tubercles, but there is some suffusion 

 of the ground-colour, which is (as usual) complete in the posterior 

 part of the 7th stripe upon the 8th abdominal segment. The first 

 stripe extends anteriorly as a line of tubercles on to the thoracic 

 segments, becoming at first horizontal and parallel with the subdorsal, 

 but appearing to rise on the 1st thoracic segment, and joining the 

 ends of the semicircular crown ; but in the anterior part of its course 

 the line becomes very difficult to follow. The 7th stripe is also 



* It is to be noted that Bacot's larvae only moulted three times, and pupated 

 at the end of their 4th stadium. 



f Poulton uses the word " tubercles " in the sense of mammillae, or mammillary 

 points, not in the restricted sense in which it is now used when describing larvae. 



