484 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



of wings being thus in apposition for from 3*5mm. to 4mm. The 

 appendages are defined from each other by polished lines, as though 

 traces of chitin that ought to be covered were exposed ; it appears, 

 however, to be normal. That this is not certain, however, may 

 be deduced from the fact that, in some specimens, the hind margins 

 of wings appear to lie upon the 4th abdominal segment, with a 

 surface at a higher level than that of the segment, and that, on 

 the other hand, a proportion of specimens too large to be con- 

 sidered abnormal or pathological have the wing-surface at a rather 

 lower level than that of the segment, and that the margin of 

 segment at edge of wing, by which it rises to its higher 

 level, is glazed, and has all the appearance of being 

 meant to receive the end of wing, which has not quite 

 reached it. There is some variation in the mouth region ; one 

 specimen has a point here from which five sutures radiate, dividing 

 off five almost equal angular portions, viz., 2 maxillae, 2 cheeks 

 and 1 labrum. More normally, however, the central portion is a 

 square of black chitin, with a minutely rough wrinkled surface, 

 and divided into a larger upper and smaller lower piece by a faint 

 suture, and with some suspicion of a notch in lower piece. This 

 is the labrum ; above it is the face proper, divided by a slight 

 suture running up from upper angles of labrum ; below this are 

 two angles, often a little raised, which look like mandibles, but 

 are probably parts of face or cheek, not being separated by suture ; 

 below are the two maxillae, their upper margins extending outwards 

 half-way to antennae. The glazed eye is a fine glazed curved line, with 

 delicate striae extending inwards, and on the outer convex margin is 

 an area of very minutely pointed surface that might be taken as 

 representing eye facets, sometimes this area appears to be striate 

 just as on the other side of the glazed line. The antennae have a 

 series of very marked transverse ridges, apparently two to a segment 

 of the antenna, the two ridges are united at the centre of the 

 segment into a somewhat higher point ; the ridges are very sharp, 

 and have furrowed and hollowed sides, that make them somewhat 

 irregular. They vary from this to transverse rows of rough points, 

 or even to minute points, with no very determinable arrangement. 

 The rough sculpturing of the legs tends to arrange itself into 

 transverse lines ; that of the maxillae is more irregular and rather 

 rougher, and often shows a false suture for a little distance down 

 its middle, a similar one may sometimes be seen on first leg. The first 

 leg extends upwards beside the cheek, which thus forms a right angle 

 at the point where the maxilla and first leg meet, and the leg appears 

 to extend upwards till it is cut off by the antenna. In the pupa of 

 S. ocellata, the face makes a very obtuse angle here, and the leg 

 is cut off by two oblique lines equally by the face and by the 

 antenna, and ends in a right angle where the two lines meet. In 

 M. tiliae the lower margin of the face is even less angulated, and the 

 leg is cut off by the face rather than by the antenna. The second 

 leg terminates upwards rather less sharply than in Jf. tiliae and 

 6". ocellata. In some specimens these differences may be less 

 marked, but are always sufficiently obvious. The wings are very 

 variable in surface ; in all cases the hindwing shows a little strip 

 down to middle of 3rd abdominal segment, where it disappears 



