486 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



in others are a small, or even a rather deep, hollow, often with a 

 small additional pit at its outer extremity. The scars of the anal 

 prolegs are usually absent. When present they are smooth 

 depressions on the summits of the lateral eminences of the ioth 

 segment, so placed as to form with the anal depression and the points 

 on 9, a square. On the 9th abdominal segment in the male pupa, 

 ventrally, is a somewhat slender circular ridge, within which project 

 side by side two prominences, which are rough and irregular, in a 

 way similar to the general surface ; the ioth abdominal segment 

 has terminally an antero-posterior or narrow depression, the anal 

 scar, with a slight prominence on either side, and a depression 

 cutting these off from the general surface , in front of this is a 

 smoother spot from which radiate forwards several straight, sharp, 

 fine ridges, and backwards the depression of the anal scar. On 

 either side is a large prominence, that looks as if it represented 

 the claspers, but which is, however, as above noted, merely a scar on 

 its surface ; this, together with the qth abdominal segment, is 

 covered with a coarse reticulation of fine ridges. The cremastral 

 armature is a conical spike, generally not unlike that of M. tiliae 

 or S. ocellata. It is cut off by a deep groove from the two promi- 

 nences just described. Viewed laterally, this spine is 2mm. long, 

 and 1 '3mm. broad at the base, with a tendency to be bent forwards 

 at first, and then at the tip backwards. In front of it the terminal 

 prominences stand out with an anterior and posterior knob or horn. 

 Viewed terminally, but a little from the venter, these 4 knobs form 

 a square, the scars of claspers being just behind the anterior ones. 

 Seen dorsally, the cremastral spine is r8mm. broad at base. This 

 spine has no rough points or spikes as in M. tiliae and S. ocellata, 

 the ridges from below fade out on it into longitudinal lines, leaving 

 the terminal '8mm. almost smooth. The spiracles are narrow 

 brownish slits round which the sculpturing curves, almost forming 

 an outer false spiracle. Some little way behind the spiracle of the 

 3rd abdominal is a small depression, which may be quite a foveola, 

 at which a subsegmental line of division ends. The $ pupa differs 

 from the $ only in the stretching forwards of the 9th segment 

 ventrally into the 8th, so that it is difficult to say that it does not 

 reach its anterior borders ; the double papilla of the $ 9th segment 

 is here on the 8th (or produced 9th), or it may be so smoothed 

 away as not to be observable (Chapman). Poulton describes and 

 figures (Ext. Morph. of Lep. Pupa, pp. 203 — 204, pi. xx., figs. 

 8 — 11) the terminal abdominal segments of the pupa of this species. 

 In a female pupa, seen ventrally, the anus is sometimes concealed, 

 owing to the exceptional size of the anal cushions, which occasion- 

 ally even retain the form of the larval claspers. An elongated 

 opening, surrounded by a raised border, is situated in the normal 

 position in front of the apex of the narrow median prolongation 

 from the ioth abdominal segment. The opening is seen to be 

 divided in two ; it is probable that the posterior division represents 

 the mouth of the oviducts ; the anterior division corresponds to the 

 bursa copulatrix. (The remarkable sculpture of the surface is 

 indicated in the figure.) Seen from the left side the scar of the 

 caudal horn is distinct, and the remarkable size and shape of the 

 left anal cushion is better seen than from the ventral aspect. 



