488 BRITISH LEPlDOPTERA. 



on one occasion, June nth, 1896, some 30 examples were seen 

 at one time flying about some sallow-bushes at the side of the 

 high road at Corsemalzie (Gordon). The $ s assemble to a virgin 

 ? , generally late in the evening ; and they are also attracted freely 

 to light — commonly at Worcester (Rea), Js at Weymouth (Peachell), 

 at West Dulwich (Fletcher), at Lincoln (Musham), in the Wye Valley 

 (Vaughan), commonly in the light traps at Oxton (Studd), at the 

 electric lamps at Hampstead (Hopson), and Chester (Arkle), especi- 

 ally abundant on the street lamps at Gosport, often as many as 

 3 on a lamp (Pearce). Prideaux also notes a $ on a gas-lamp which 

 had laid an egg on one of the glass panes. The habitats of this species 

 are varied — poplar and willow plantations, borders of woods and parks, 

 in gardens, by roadsides, in lanes, on moors, and more especially 

 by ditches, on marshes, and by riversides, as well as on railway 

 banks, in fact any locality that produces willow, sallow, aspen, or 

 poplar may be looked upon as a likely place for this species. 



Time of appearance. — Normally in May and June, in late 

 seasons occasionally in July ; in early seasons a partial second 

 brood emerges in late July and August from pupae of the year 

 after a pupal period of only 3 or 4 weeks. Fritsch gives dates 

 from April 28th — July 29th for Austro-Hungary ; May 5th, 1888, 

 at Benzus Bay (Walker) ; May-June in the Linz district, June 5th 

 — 1 8th, 1896, at Ottensheim, June 29th — 30th at Gelgenheit 

 (Himsl) ; May 28th, 1898, at Karu-Baglar (Bachmetjew) ; end 

 of June in Namur district (Lambillion) ; from mid-May to mid- 

 June in the Baltic Provinces (Nolcken) ; June 19th, 1898, at Hoel 

 Renebo in Norway (Bingham-Newland), &c. Borkhausen notes 

 the occurrence of a second brood at Giessen, and Unterberger 

 observes (Illus. Zeiis. fiir Ent., hi., p. 119) that at Georgenswalde 

 (Samland) four larvae of A. populi pupated in July, 1879, that of these 3 

 emerged on August 19th, after being only three weeks in pupal stage 

 — 2 $ s and 1 2 • These were under normal size, measuring, the $ s 

 5'2cm., the $ 5'icm., the normal size being from 7cm. — 9cm. Partial 

 second broods are not uncommon in the south of Europe — the species 

 is common in May-June, and rare in August-September in Piedmont, 

 Tuscany and Liguria, September in Lombardy, April-May and August 

 in the Haute-Garonne, May-June and August in Roumania, partial 

 second brood in August at Hildesheim (Grote) ; May-June and 

 August-September in Epiries, May-June and August at Budapesth ; 

 Fritsch notes one imago captured on October 26th at Linz; at 

 light on August 29th, 1899, at St. Jean-de-Luz (Dupont) ; 

 July 19th — 23rd, 1890, at Tancarville (Leech). In Britain most 

 of the following dates suggest first broods : two bred May 

 1st, 1844, two captured June 13th, 1844, May 23rd, 25th, 28th, 

 June 2nd, May 13th, 25th, 30th, caught $ June 2nd, 1846, $ 

 May 31st at Kensington, July 2nd, 1847, $ at Chelsea, July 17th, 

 1849, two in cop., May 20th — June 1st, 1859, all at Brighton 

 (Merrifield) ; April 4th — 6th, 1857, May 15th, 1858, imagines taken 

 July 27th — 28th, 1898, at Brighton (Image); July nth, 1855, 

 July 14th, 1864, at Chertsey, May 28th, 1868, at Taplow, June 16th- 

 26th, 1890, July i4th-2oth 1892, at Kensington (Clarke) ; May 27th, 

 1858, and onwards at Barnstaple (Mathew) ; May 30th, 1859, at 

 Stoke Newington, bred April 9th — June 10th, 1861, April 29th — 



