504 British lepidoptera. 



apple-green and the other part reddish-brown, both varieties being 

 found on the same plant at the same time. Smyth gives (Ent. 

 News, xi., pp. 587 — 589) detailed descriptions of the five larval 

 instars of H. tenuis, and these are most useful for comparison with the 

 corresponding stadia of the larvae of our British species. The fullfed 

 larva changes colour just before pupation, the whole of the dorsal 

 area becoming wine-coloured. 



The Hemarid pupae are very closely alike, i.e., those of 

 Cochrania croatica, Hemaris fuciformis and H. tiiyus. These are char- 

 acterised by (1) a thick coating of minute hairs on the clypeus, and on 

 the dorsum of thorax and abdomen, (2) a wide base to the maxillae 

 (a characteristic Sphingid as apart from Amorphid character), whilst 

 (3) the cremastef is exceedingly strong and well-developed, and is 

 well provided with hooks which hold most effectively to the silk of the 

 cocoon. The labrum is pushed quite frontal, and the proboscis 

 extends to the end of the wings. It would appear that the least 

 specialised of the pupae of all the true Sphingidae are those of the 

 Pterogonids and Hemarids, which are superficially almost identical 

 and are really very close ; these have done all they can to make room 

 for the proboscis by pushing, as we have just noticed, the labrum 

 quite to the front and extending the proboscis-case to the end of the 

 wings, but there is no tongue-horn, nor even any keeling. The 

 only point in which the Hemarid pupa agrees with that of Sesia 

 {steilatarum) is in wanting the 1st femur. Comparing the pupae 

 of the Pterogonids, Hemarids and Sesiids, three subfamilies which 

 have been suspected of being structurally so close as to be included 

 in the same genus, Chapman gives us the following tabulation : 



1. Pupa brown, circular section, often long tapering abdomen, labrum 



anterior. 



a. With callosities on metathorax, face and 



anal spine smooth, first femur exposed . . Pterogonin^e. 



b. Metathoracic callosities nearly obsolete, no 



first femur, facial spines present or indicated ; 



anal spine, with fine spiculse pointing distad Hemarin.e. 



2. Pupa pale (cocoon in rubbish, not subterranean), antero-posteriorlv 



flattened, abdomen short (comparatively), labrum 



dorsal . . . . . . . . . . . . SEsmwE. 



The above table is based on pupae of Hemaris fuciformis, H. 

 tityus, Cochrania croatica, Sesia steilatarum, Pterogon proserpina and 

 Deidamia inscripta. Possibly some exotic forms belong to further 

 divisions. For comparison, the imagines of these three divisions 

 may be tabulated as follows : 



1. Hind margin ang-ulated .. .. .. .. Pterogonin^e. 



2. Hind margin smooth 



a. Markings irregular . . . . . . . . Seshn.e. 



b, Markings smooth, parallel with hind margin Hemarin.t: 



(including croatica). 



The Hemarid cocoon is made on the surface of the ground 

 and usually consists of a few leaves spun together with silk. That 

 of Hemaris tenuis is moderately compact, spun among dried leaves 

 on the surface of the ground and composed of deep brown silk 

 (Can. Ent., xviii., p. 102). 



The Hemarid imagines are essentially specialised for day-flying 

 and feeding at flowers on the wing, whilst the undoubted mimicry of 



