HEMARIN.E. 505 



bees by some of the species, by the loss of scales on the wings, has 

 resulted in their having obtained the popular name of the Sphingid 

 clearwings. Some, however, e.g., Cochrania croatica, are exceedingly 

 well-scaled, and it is remarkable that, although superficially H.fuciformis 

 has a facies quite intermediate between C. croatica and H. tityus, yet 

 Chapman finds the genitalia of C. croatica to be nearer those of H. tityus 

 than those of H.fuciformis. Taking these three species as typical of 

 the form of scaling found in the Hemarids, one finds that the wings 

 of C. croatica are wholly covered with smooth scales ; H.fuciformis is also 

 smooth-scaled, but with a very marked tendency to lose the scales 

 from the centre of the wings, whilst H. tityus is roughly-haired, and has 

 the wings markedly transparent ; one observes also that H. fuciformis 

 has strong scaling down the centre of the cell (median nervure), 

 the nervure itself beneath being hardly indicated. Holland observes 

 (Can. Ent., xviii., p. 101) that, when newly-emerged, Hemaris tenuis 

 is covered with scales on those parts of the wing that are pellucid 

 in flown examples. Smyth observes that examples of H. tejiuis, killed 

 before the wings have been fluttered, are really Strecker's fumosa, 

 they show the even inner margin of the forewings, and the colours 

 are light lemon-yellow and black, whilst the sides of the abdomen 

 show blue spots. The Hemarid imagines have a long and effective 

 tongue, the frenulum is well-developed and they rest with their 

 wings drawn back and placed flatly, not very unlike the Eumorphids. 

 The character of the frenula suggests strongly that the Hemarids are 

 rightly separated from the Sesiids (Macroglossids). Griffiths gives 

 (in litt.) the following details : 



(1) Fuciformis. — £ . The spina is very dark in colour, smooth and highly 

 polished. The retinaculum is rather broad and flat and thickly scaled. ? . With 

 a compact bunch of spinulae of fairly even length and 8 in number. 



(2) Tityus. — Almost exactly as in H. fuciformis, but the retinaculum a trifle 

 shorter. 



The frenula of H. thysbe (United States) and H. saundersi 

 (India) also resemble the above in the form of the retinaculum. 



(3) Stellatarum. — $ . The spina light in colour. The retinaculum twisted, 

 tightly knotted and compressed at the extremity and almost bare of scales. ? . The 

 spinulae more spreading than in He?naris, and of varying lengths ; 12 in number. 



A ? of a Sesia (sp. ?) from India has 5 long and 5 short spinulae, 

 but this and other Eastern species of this group agree with 

 S. stellatarum in having the spinulae less compact than Hemaris ; 

 the $ s also have the strong compressed form of retinaculum of 

 S. stellatarum, and this form is like that of the Eumorphids in every 

 respect. 



The most remarkable peculiarity of the Hemarid imagines 

 is the asymmetry of the $ genitalia. Chapman observes that 

 in Cephonodes hylas, the right clasp is larger, rounded, but very 

 imperfectly articulated to the base, so as to be capable of very little 

 movement, otherwise, and compared with other Hemarid genitalia, 

 one would call this the normal clasp. The left clasp looks at first 

 as though it had been the same as the right, but had met with some 

 accident that had removed a large terminal disc, leaving two lateral 

 cusps. It is shorter than the right as about 3 to 5, and the arrange- 

 ment of bristles and spines is quite different from that on the right, 

 if it be indeed possible to compare these very different forms. It is 



