520 BRITISH TEPIDOPTERA. 



femur, and in possessing a very special anal armature. The long 

 tapering abdomen is a Hemarid characteristic which it has in 

 common with the pupa of Cephonodes. The want of the first femur 

 is a character it possesses in common with (the Amorphids and) the 

 Sesiids (Macroglossids), and which distinguishes it from the Pterogo- 

 nids. The anal armature is a special generic or tribal character, 

 and unites fuciformis, tityus and croatica ; these three pupae 

 are in fact almost identical, and with trifling variations the description 

 of that of H. fuciformis will serve for the other two species. 

 The long tapering abdomen is due to the exposure of much 

 intersegmental membrane at the free incisions, and is not so 

 apparent in a dead, dry and shrivelled pupa. The fourth abdominal 

 segment is the largest, and thence it tapers backwards, more so 

 from the 7th abdominal segment, whence, viewed dorsally, it tapers 

 regularly to the extreme point of the anal spine (see tityus). 

 Viewed laterally, the pupa is equally thick at the 3rd and 4th 

 abdominal segments ; forwards the dorsum goes on fairly straight 

 but the ventral aspect retreats, the tapering of the last segments 

 would be as regular as in a dorsal view, but for the hollow in 

 front of the anal spine. The length of the pupa is 28mm. of which 

 i5*5mm. are from front to end of wings. Extreme width, 7 -6mm., 

 depth, i.e., antero-posterior diameter, 7 '4mm. There is a little dorsal 

 flattening, otherwise there is nothing like the flattening characteristic 

 of Sesiid (Macroglossid) pupae. The colour is dark, quite black in 

 some, in others with more or less brown. The brown is especially 

 dorsal and may absorb the whole mesothorax, and usually appears 

 as the colour of some subsegments on each segment. The labrum 

 is absolutely anterior, whilst on either side of it, and a little ventral to it, 

 the angles of the cheeks carry a short thick spine or horn, with a 

 moderately sharp edge running longitudinally on its front. There 

 is a suture along the head and prothorax, but not on mesothorax. 

 From the labrum the first legs reach 10mm., second to n^rnm., and 

 antenna to 13mm., end of maxillae, 15 -5mm. The sculpturing of 

 the appendage-cases consists of transverse wrinkles (or rugae), on 

 the legs often with a zigzag arrangement, on the antennae each 

 segment has two ridges united at their ends, on the wings they 

 are rather bolder along the costa. Poulton's line is well marked 

 as well as down the narrow slip of hindwing. The neuration is 

 marked by impressed lines cutting across the rugae, and are also 

 marked by two brown stripes from the base of the wing, dividing 

 into brown lines for each nervure from the middle of the 

 wing in all pupae with brown markings. In the dorsal thoracic 

 sculpturing, the rugae tend to break up into minute islets, and 

 at the centre of the wing-base are some specialised folds, but 

 nothing to be called a spine. The thoracic spiracular opening is 

 wide, with smooth margins. It is curved with the concavity 

 behind, and often has the concave margin smooth and tumid, 

 but sometimes the ordinary rugose surface comes to the margin. 

 The metathorax is very narrow, especially medially, the posterior 

 margin is raised, and in front of this is another ridge, broken 

 dorsally by the narrowing of the segment into two portions, which 

 correspond with the callosities often existing here {Manduca atropos, &c). 

 The following segments have a black posterior border, very 



