HEMARIS TITYUS. 531 



Larva*. — First i?istar (newly-hatched) : The newly-hatched 

 larva is covered with small black tubercles bearing forked black 

 hairs ; the caudal horn placed far forward on the 8th abdominal 

 segment, and rather resembling a bristle surmounted with two 

 black hairs (JefFery) ; the hairs on the head and scutellum long, 

 stiff, and dark in colour, their bifid character being merely suggested 

 by a notch at the tip ; on the other hand, the body hairs are 

 similar to those of the newly-hatched larva of H. fuciformis, only 

 black instead of pale-coloured ; the caudal horn is covered with 

 minute bristles, but no basal mammillae are apparent (Bacot). 

 Second i?istar : After the first moult the caudal horn is more 

 characteristic, but still terminated by several forked black bristles 

 (Jeffery). Last i?istar : Length 1*625 inches when retracted and 

 sulky, 2 inches when crawling, over '25 inches thick, thickest about 

 4th abdominal ; tapers a little to head, the prothorax and head 

 being comparatively small ; tapers from about 6th abdominal to 

 anus ; caudal horn pink, and starting from it is a darker dorsal, 

 and on either side a subdorsal, line ; just below the latter is a paler 

 stripe, which is about halfway from dorsum to spiracles ; there is 

 also a series of oblique lateral stripes, these are a little obscure, 

 but may be described as a darker shade passing from the sub- 

 dorsal line, starting at the middle of a segment, downwards and 

 backwards so as to include the spiracle of the following segment and 

 reaching the posterior border of the segment, whilst it is edged above 

 and below with paler ; these paler areas might be described 

 as the oblique stripes, as they are very marked below the spiracles, 

 and, in fact, alternate with the others, but rather expand upwards, 

 so as to be more than stripes (a specimen was seen with some 

 pink in these stripes) ; the stripes pass through each abdominal 

 spiracle, a" paler line or stripe also passes from the caudal horn 

 to behind the last spiracle ; the spiracles themselves are oval, the 

 upper and lower portions are pure white, cut off by perfectly straight 

 lines from a central square portion, which is a bright yellowish-brown; 

 the spiracle is bounded by a black line especially marked against the 

 white. The head is of the same colour as the body, but in the dark 

 larva with a substitution of greenish ; it has very numerous fine 

 hair-points ; ends of jaws black, labrum, labial palpi and antennae 

 brown ; jaws curiously angulated, each with 4 teeth ; central ocellus 

 very minute, the lowest of the 5 in arc also very small ; antennae 

 green-tinted, brownish, and two-jointed. The body-surface is covered 

 with minute hairs arising in little white dots ; transversely there 

 are about 15 of these from dorsum to spiracle, longitudinally each 

 subsegment carries them irregularly, so that they cannot be counted 

 in rows, but they are often in pairs or singly, so that each sub- 

 segment carries two or three rather than one row ; there are 8 

 subsegments to the abdominal segments of which the 1st and 3rd 

 are rather the largest, the prothorax, however, has only three, 1 

 large and 2 small, the mesothorax 2 large and 2 small, and the 

 metathorax 5 subsegments ; the true legs are pink ; the pale stripe 

 below the spiracle marks a lateral flange, very conspicuous in some 



* Good descriptions of the early stadia of the larva of this species are still a 

 desideratum, 



