HEMARIS TITYUS. 533 



considerable difference in the quantity of the red markings. One 

 green one that we found at Evolena was marked with distinct 

 red longitudinal lines. 



Comparison of larvae of Hemaris tityus, H. fuciformis and 

 Sesia stellatarum. — The larva of Sesia stellatai'um has a strong white 

 stripe where the subdorsal pale band is in H, tityus, edged with 

 distinct black above; the caudal horn of S. stellatarum has a brown point 

 and a black ring below ; there is also a bright yellow flange line, edged 

 with dark above ; the spiracles are black, with yellow spots within 

 margin, at top and bottom ; the number of subsegments is the same 

 in the larvae of both species, and each subsegment carries a single row 

 of largish white spots, bearing minute hairs, in S. stellatarum 8 from 

 spiracle to centre of dorsum ; the legs brown (Chapman). Lucas 

 gives the following comparative table of the larvae of Sesia stellatarum, 

 Hemai'is fuciformis and H. tityus : 



I. Spiracles not in a red patch. 



i. Ground-colour green or brown, white subdorsal line, 



and yellow subspiracular one . . . . S. stellatarum. 



II. Spiracles in red patch, ventral surface red. 



ii. Ground-colour pale green ; dorsal line showing at 

 division of segments, indistinct subdorsal line, spiracles 

 in small reddish spots . . . . . . . . . . H. fuciformis, 



iii. Ground-colour rather full green ; fairly distinct 

 subdorsal yellowish line, often having a row of red 

 spots above it ; spiracles set in elongated red spots H. tityus. 



Cocoon. — The larva forms, on the surface of the earth, under 

 moss, a very simple, wide-meshed cocoon (Bartel). Constructs 

 a slight loose cocoon, among rubbish in some sheltered nook on, 

 or just under, the surface of the ground (Barrett). Moeschler 

 states that he used to obtain the pupae in numbers, with a " straw 

 hoe " in the spring in Upper Lusatia. 



Pupa. — Length i'2ins. long, head to the 4th abdominal 

 segment o^ins., o^ojns. wide at the mesothorax, narrowing 

 slightly to the 4th abdominal, a little more to the 6th, and the 

 terminal segments conical ending in a point. Colour, deep brown 

 or black, incisions paler ; the surface minutely wrinkled and 

 apparently hairless, but with numerous minute hairs on clypeus 

 and abdominal dorsum, and even on thorax. The maxillae 

 (proboscis) are very broad basally (a common Sphingid, apart 

 from Amorphid, character), or rather, perhaps, the cheeks extend 

 far downwards on either side and the maxillae thus form a square 

 patch at their base, one angle extending upwards (between cheeks) 

 to the labrum, two angles outwards (giving the apparent breadth) 

 as though they would like to reach the antenna above the first 

 legs, and a lower angle, which is produced into the extended 

 maxillae, reaching end of wings. No trace of the 3rd legs. Antennae 

 reach to J the length of the wings, the 2nd legs to slightly beyond 

 them, the 1st legs decidedly shorter, about § rds. At either side 

 of the maxillary base is a conical projection, terminating in a fine 

 point. These seem to be at site of mandibles ; labrum not well 

 marked above and between these. The cremaster is a large and 

 elaborate structure, and takes a very secure hold in the silk of 

 cocoon. Seen laterally, it is thin and pen-like, but dorsally or 

 ventrally (still pen-like) it continues the regular conical outline 



