10 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



borders appear to be exhibited locally by specimens from the mountains 

 of Bosnia, Tyrol, and certain parts of Germany (where the species is 

 single-brooded), and in the spring examples of the Rivieran race. The 

 marginal band may be considered as normally being made up of the 

 dark border and a series of interneural marginal spots. In the fore- 

 wings the marginal area may be pale with a marginal series of small 

 grey ocellated spots ( = ab. apennina, Zell.), or there may be only 

 the row of spots on a ground little or not at all modified ( = ab. 

 punctata, Tutt), or they may be largely lost in the border and only 

 noticeable by their greyish inner edges ( = ab. subfusca, n. ab.), whilst, 

 in others, a narrow black border has its inner edge marked off as a 

 series of whitish lunules ( = ab. albocrenata, n. ab.), or it may be wide, 

 with the inner edges of the ocelli appearing as a dividing line down 

 the greater part of length of the band (ab. divisa); in others, the narrow 

 black border (angnstimargo), or wide (type), or very wide border suffused 

 inwardly (marginata), may have no real trace of the ocelli, the sharply- 

 defined wide-bordered form of this series, without special suffusion 

 medially and on the costa, as noted above, belonging to the type. 

 The border of the hind wings is usually narrower, and the interneural 

 spots well-defined, and the latter may be (a) entirely circled with 

 whitish (=>cincta, n. ab.), (b) edged on the external half only with 

 pale (=semicincta, n. ab.), (c) edged externally and at sides, the black 

 spots running into the wing as little wedges (curieata, n. ab.), whilst, 

 in some rare instances, the spots are merged in the border, except those 

 nearest the anal angle, (d) the marginal spots being directly sessile on 

 margin without pale external edging (sessilis). The presence of small 

 orange chevrons, surmounting spots 2 and 3 (sometimes also 4 and 5) 

 on the hindwings, is not uncommon ( — ab.swams, Schultz). The discoidal 

 spots are occasionally well-developed on the forewings (=torgnimsis, 

 Hav.), sometimes on all four wings ( = quadrilunulata, n.ab.). In the var. 

 arragonensis they are typically present as a fine dark line (often edged 

 with pale) on the forewings, and as a tiny pale circle on the hindwings 

 (almost as in the $ ab. tithonus, Meig.). They are remarkably well- 

 developed as four linear lunules in a $ from the Wormser Joch ; 

 they are faintly traceable on the forewings in several specimens 

 from La Grave, Bourg d'Aru, Gresy-sur-Aix, Chavoire, Bourg St. 

 Maurice, Mendel-Pass, Trafoi, St. Anton, Cortina, Pre St. Didier, 

 Bobbie, Yal Tournanche, Igman, Zernetz, the Ofen Pass, Simplon 

 (2nd refuge), etc., and are specially strongly developed in a speci- 

 men of the ab. plumbescem, from Jaca (on the Spanish side of 

 the Pyrenees). Many of these examples show a tendency to 

 suffusion in the ground colour. Yet the darkening of the lunules 

 appeal's, on the whole, to be rare in Swiss examples, and Reverdin 

 notes only 8 out of 151 J s, from Switzerland, France, and Hungary, 

 with the Lunule showing as a streak at the extremity of the discoidal 

 cell of the forewings, and Blachier only notes 4 in his collection. 

 It is, however, quite a, feature of the Rivieran races, occurring in 

 bhem quite commonly; there are many in Chapman's long series 

 tioin Ste. Maxime (meridionalis), Reverdin mentions it (in litt,) as 

 characteristic of his (as yet unpublished) constant!', and \\ heeler 

 notes it as being visible in all his specimens from Le Canadel near 

 Eyeres, and in most of those from Fiesole, as well as in one or two 

 from Guildford, though he does not find it in any of bis Swiss 



specimens, nor in any of those taken at Assisi. Stelaiielli says that, 



