108 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



€li., figs. 2, 3, pi. dclxxvi., figs. 1, 2 (1836); Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," p. lid 

 (1840); Neusfc. and Korn., " Schmett. Schles.," p. 48, pi. xxii.-xxiii., figs. 73a-f 

 {1842): H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," i., p. 120 (1843); Evers., "Fn. Volg.-Ural.," 

 p. 51 (1844); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p. 32 (1844); Selys-Longch., " Enum. Lep. 

 Belg.," p. 4 (1845); Zell., "Isis," pp. 10, 152 el seq. (1847); Dbldy., " Syn. List," 

 1st ed., p. 1 (1850); Nick., " Lep. Bohm.," p. 18 (1850); Hdnr., " Lep. Eur. Cat. 

 Meth.," p. 13 (1851); Gerh., " Mon.," p. 15, pi. xxvii., figs. 4a-c, xxviii., etc. (1852); 

 Meyer-Dur, "Schmett. Schweiz," p. 77 (1852); Westw. and Hew., "Gen. Diurn. 

 Lep.," ii., p. 493 (1852); Led.," Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell.," ii.,p. 20(1852); Wllgrn., 

 " Skand. Dagf.," p. 220 (1853); Koch, " Geogr. Verb.," p. 48 (1854); Men., 

 "Cat. Mus. Pet.," p. 57 (1855); Koch, " Schmett. Sudw. Deutsch.," p. 28 (1856): 

 Stn., "Man.," i., p. 61 (1857); Ramb., " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 40 (1858); Speyer, 

 " Geogr. Verb.," i., p. 85 (1858); Dbldy., " Syn. List," 2nded., p. 2(1859); Now., 

 "Enum. Lep. Hal.," p. 8 (1860); Zebr., " Lep. Krak.," p. 158 (I860); Staud., 

 "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 5 (1861); Wilde, "Pflanz. Raup.," ii., p. 42 (1861); Now., 

 "Mot. Gal.," p. 52 (1865); Rossi., "Schmett. Nass.," p. 17 (1866); Snell., 

 "De Vlind.," L, p. 59 (1867); Berce, " Fn. Fr.," i., p. 139, pi. vi., figs. 5, 6 

 (1867); Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 56 (1868); Bien., "Lep. Ergeb.," p. 29 

 (1869); Tengstr., "Lep. Fn. Fenn.," p. 2 (1869); Stange, " Schmett. Halle," 

 p. 3 (1869); Staud., "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 11 (1871); Newn., "Brit. Butts.," p. 128 

 (1871); Mill., "Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 103 (1872); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," 

 3rd ser., ix., p. 395 (1874); Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," vi., p. Ill (1874); Cuni-y- 

 Mart., "Lep. Bare," p. 20 (1874); Weym., " Jhrsb. Ver. Elberf.," p. 55 (1878); 

 Sand, " Lep. Ber. Auv.," p. 6 (1879); Staud., " Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.," xiv., p. 242 

 (1879); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 18 (1880); Mosl., "111. Brit. Lep.," pt. vii., 

 pi. iii. (1880); Peyerim., " Lep. Als.," p. 24 (1880); Rossi., " Lep. Wiesb.," p. 30 

 (1881); Jourdh., "Lep. Aube," p. 18 (1883); Berce, "Lep. Fr.," p. 15, pi. iii., 

 figs. 6, 7 (1884); Lang, "Butts. Eur.," p. 117, pi. xxv., fig. 4 (1884); Lampa, 

 "Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 14 (1885); Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 42 (1885); Kill., "Ins. 

 Graub.," p. 19 (1886); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 13, pi. vi., figs. 8a-d (1888-91); 

 de Nicev., "Butts. India," iii., p. 74 (1890); Brorn., "Butts. Riv.," p. 36 (1892); 

 Reut., "Act. F. F. Fenn.," ix., pt. 6, p. 13 (1893); Leech, " Butts. China," ii., 

 p. 306 (1894); Riihl, "Pal. Gr.-Schmett.," pp. 267, 760 (1892-5); Meyr., 

 "Hndbk.," p. 349 (1895); Obth., "Etudes," xx., p. 23, pi. iv., figs. 41-47 

 (1896); Bachm., " Soc. Ent.," xi., p. 150 (1896); Favre, " Macr.-Lep. Val.," p. 19 

 <1899); StefL, "Bull. Ent. Soc. It.," xxxii., p. 336(1900); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd 

 ed., p. 84 (1901); Fleck, "Macr.-Lep. Ruman.," p. 21 (1901); Lamb., "Pap. 

 Belg.," p. 231 (1902); Spuler, "Schmett. Eur.," p. 64 (1902); Verity, " Bull. Soc. 

 Ent. It.," xxxvi., p. 138 (1904); Gillm., "Ent. Zeits. Gub.," xvii., pp. 76, 84 

 (1904); xix., p. 157 (1905); South, "Brit. Butts.," p. 163, pis. cvi., cvii., cxviii., 

 figs. 1, 36, cxix. (1906); Grand, " Int. Ent. Zeits. Gub.," ii., pp. 79, 93 (1908); 

 Gillm., "Ent. Wochnbl.," xxv., no. 6. p. 23 (1908); " Int. Ent. Zeits Gub.," ii., 

 pp. 1, 10, 153, 178 (1908); Seitz, " Gross.-Schmett.," p. 312 (1909); Rebel, 

 "Berge's Schmett.," 9th ed., p. 70 (1909); Wagn., " Ent. Zeits. Stutt.," xxiii., 

 p. 17 (1909); Gillm., "Int. Zeits. Gub.," iv., pp. 2-4 (1910). [Zephyrus-] 

 Cyaniris, Dalm., " Handl. Sv. Vet. Akad.," p. 98 (1816). Argus, Dup., "Pap. 

 Fr.," supp. i., p. 389 (1832); Cant., "Lep. Var," p. 6 (1833); Zett., "Ins. 

 Lapp.," p. 913 (1840). Agriades, Stpbns., " Illus. Haust.," iv., p. 404 (1834). 

 Hesperia, Butl., "Cat. Diurn. Lep.," p. 269 (1869). 



The genus was founded independently to cover exactly the same 

 ground as Cupido, Schrank. The type was fixed in 1804 as argus 

 ( = icariis) by Latreille, and confirmed by him, in 1809, as icarus, 

 with reference to Hubner's figures 292-4. The genus Polyommatus 

 was diagnosed (Diet. Hist. Nat., xxiv., pp. 185, 200) in 1804, by 

 Latreille, as follows : — 



Bords internes des ailes inferieures formant un canal pour recevoir l'abdomen ; 

 palpes nus a leur extremite, crochets des tarses tres-petits, peu visibles, sans division 

 — Genus Polyommatus (Polyommate) (Diet., p. 185) — Hesperia argus, Fab. (Diet., 

 p. 200). 



It is well-known that the argus of the early French authors, was 

 icarus, the commonest species of France, and mentioned only by this 

 name in all their lists. In 1804, Latreille gives " an/us " as the type 



