POLYOMMATUS ICARUS. 



113 



aberrationally or locally strongly scaled with blue. They are usually 

 active species on the wing, and, as the larvae are almost entirely con- 

 fined to low-growing leguminous plants for food, they usually keep 

 near the ground, and live in meadows, fields, waste slopes, wayside 

 places, the outskirts of, or open places in, woods, or similar places 

 w T here their foodplants grow. 



The species of our genus Polyoimnatiis have a w T ide distribution, 

 extending abundantly over the whole of the Paltearctic region 

 (including Mauretania), and entering into the Indian region. Some of 

 the species extend up the mountains to very high altitudes, P. eros, 

 in the Alps of Central Europe reaching a height of 7000-8000 feet. 



POLYOMMATUS ICARUS, V. Eott. 



Synonymy.— Species : Icarus, v. Eott., " Naturf.," vi., pp. 21-22 (1775); Esp., 

 " Eur. Schmett. ," L, pt. 1, p. 333, pi. xxxi. (supp. viii.), fig. 4 (1777); pt. 2, pp. 31, 135, 

 pi. lv.(cont. v.j, fig. 5, pi. lxxix. (cont. xxix.), fig. 2 (1779); Schneid.," Syst. Beschr.," 

 p. 244 (1785); Bkh., " Sys. Beschr.," i., p. 278 (1788); De Vill., " Car. Linn. Ent. 

 Fn. Suec," it., p. 74 (1789); Schwarz, "Baup. Kal.," i., p. 186 (1791); Schrfnb., 

 "Scriba's Journ.," p. 216 (1791); Lewin,* "Ins. Gt. Brit.," p. 80, pi. xxxviii., 

 figs. 4, 5, 8 (1795); Haw., "Lep. Brit,," p. 45 (1803); Hbst., " Nat. Sys. Ins.," 

 xi., p. 205, pi. cccxii., fi^s. 10-12 (1804); Panz., " Icon.," p. 153 (1804); Hubn., 

 "Verz.," p. 101 (1816-18); Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 24, pi. xlviii., figs. 

 la-/ (1830); Freyer, "Neu. Beitr.," vii., p. 88, pi. deli., figs. 2, 3 (1836); Led., 

 " Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell.," ii., p. 20 (1852); Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," i., p. 80 

 (1859); Now., " Enum. Lep. Hal.," p. 8 (1860); Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 5 

 (1861); Kirby, "Man.," p. 105 (1862); Now., " Mot. Gal.," p. 52 (1865); Bossl., 

 " Schmett. Nass.," p. 17 (1866); Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 59 (1867); Berce, "Fn. 

 Fr.," i., p. 139, pi. vi., figs. 5, 6 (1867); Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 56 (1868); 

 Bocks., " Schmett. Baup.," p. 42 (1869); Stange, " Schmett. Halle," p. 3 (1869); 

 Bien., "Lep. Ergeb.," p. 29 (1869); Tengst., "Lep. Fn. Fenn.," p. 2 (1869); 

 Newm., " Brit. Butts.," p. 128 (1871); Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," p. 365 (1871); Staud., 

 "Cat.," 2nded., p. 11 (1871); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," ix., 3rd ser., p. 395 

 (1874); Curo, " Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," vi., p. Ill (1874); Cuni-y-Mart., " Lep. Bare," 

 p. 20 (1874); Weym., " Jahresb. Ver. Elberf.," p. 55 (1878); Sand, " Lep. Ber. 

 Auv.," p. 6 (1879); Staud., "Hor. Ent. Soc. Boss.," xiv., p. 242 (1879); Peyerim., 

 "Lep. Als.," p. 24 (1880); Bossl., "Lep. Wiesb.," p. 30 (1881); Kirby, " Eur. 

 Butts.," p. 48 (1882); Jourdh., "Lep. Aube," p. 18 (1883); Lang, "Butts. Eur.," 

 p. 117, pi. xxv., fig. 4 (1884); Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 14 (1885); Kane, "Eur. 

 Butts.," p. 42 (1885); South, " Ent.," xx., p. 74, pi. ii., figs. 1-9, 11 (1887); Kill., 

 "Ins. Graiib.," p. 19 (1886); Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," p. 13, pi. vi., figs. 8a-d (1888); 

 Dale, "Hist. Brit. Butts.," p. 70 (1890); de Nicev., "Butts. Ind.," iii., p. 74 

 (1890); Brom., "Butts. Biv.," p. 36 (1892); Buhl, "Pal. Gr.-Schmett.," pp. 267, 

 760 (1892-5); Beut., "Acta F. F. Fenn.," ix., pt. 6, p. 13 (1893); Leech, "Butts. 

 China," ii., p. 306 (1894); Meyr., "Handbk.," p. 349 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," 

 p. 174, pi. iii., figs. 3, 4 (1896); Bachm., " Soc. Ent.," xi., p. 150 (1896); Kirby, 

 " Hndbk.," ii., p. 96, pi. xlv., figs. 7-9 (1896); Grote, " Schmett. Hildesh.," p. 42 

 (1897); Favre, " Macr.-Lep. Val.," p. 19 (1899); Steff., " Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," 

 xxxii., p. 336 (1900); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 84 (1901); Fleck, " Macr.-Lep. 

 Buman.," p. 21 (1901); Spuler, "Eur. Schmett.," p. 60 (1902); Lamb., "Pap. 

 Belg.," p. 231 (1902); Verity, "Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," xxxvi., p. 138 (1904); Gillm., 

 " Ent. Zeits. Gub.," xix., p. 157 (1905); Tutt, "Brit. Lep.," viii., p. 313 (1906); 

 " Ent. Bee," xviii., pp. 130, 132 (1906); South, " Brit. Butts.," p. 163, pis. cvi., 

 cvii., cxviii., figs. 1-3 (1906); Gillm., " Ent. Wocbnbl., "xxv., no. 6, p. 23 (1908); 

 "Int. Ent. Zeits. Gub.," ii., pp. 1, 10 (1908); Grund, "Int. Ent. Zeits. Gub.," 

 ii., pp.79, 93 (1908); Wagn., "Ent. Zeits. Stutt.," xxiii., p. 17 (1909); Tutt, 

 " Ent. Bee," xxi., p. 108 (1909); Bebel, "Berge's Schmett.," 9th ed., p. 70 (1909); 

 Seitz, " Gross-Schmett.," p. 312 (1909). Argus,f Poda, "Mus. Gr.," p. 76 in part 



* The name icarns is here referred to Linne. 



f The descriptions given by Linne in the 1st ed. (1746) of the Fauna Suecica, 

 pp. 246, 247, of his Papilio, no. 803, 804, would have seemed to refer to the f and ? 

 of this species, but they are quoted in the 2nd ed. (1761), pp. 283, 284, as being 

 equivalent respectively to argus and idas, i.e., to argus (aegon), j and ? . 



