POLYOMMATUS ICARUS. 161 



states that specimens in which both basal spots are wanting are 

 frequently found. In the Viatka govt., it is noted as very rare 

 (Kroulikowsky), but, in the Ural provinces, Eversmann, who records 

 it under the name escheri, says that it occurs not uncommonly 

 with the type. In Asia Minor, Staudinger notes it (Hot. Soc. Ent. 

 Ross., xiv., p. 242) as occurring in the Tschirtschir Gorge, as early 

 as May 10th, and adds that it later appeared in certain places in 

 predominant numbers, but also, in other places, freely among the type 

 without being specially abundant. It is noted in the Romanoff 

 Memoires as being almost as abundant as the type in Transcaucasia, 

 but Holtz only found it (III. Woch. fur Ent., ii., p. 47) singly, in 

 Cilicia, in all the different broods. Two <y.s in the British Museum 

 coll. are labelled "Persian mts. (Elwes)," whilst four examples ( $ s 

 and 2 s) noted " N.-W. Persia, Seir, 8 m. west of Urumiah, August 

 16th, 1898 (B. T. Giinther)," and erroneously labelled "per&ica" all 

 incline to the discreta form, the submedian spots well-developed, the 

 orange of "both sexes bright, but otherwise typical icarinus, illustrating 

 the absurdity of supposing that the Persian examples generally are 

 referable to the remarkable ab. persica, Bien. ; another $ in the same 

 collection is from " Teheran (Miss Jourdain)," another from the 

 " Cedars of Lebanon (Mrs. Nicholl, May, 1900)," whilst one bears the 

 remarkable legend " Hybrid astrarche x icarus ; Vindebona." Chris- 

 toph observes (Rom. Mem., v., p. 7) that Leder found it in great 

 numbers near Askhabad, whilst the examples in the British Museum 

 coll., captured by Grum-Grshimailo, in June and August, 1892, in 

 Sarafschan, incline strongly to the icarinus and candiope (iphis) forms. 

 Her rich -SSchaffer's fig. 246, representing a $ taken by Bischoff, near 

 Constantinople, is of the icarinus- discreta form ; the author referring 

 to the position of the submedian row of spots, in his vol. i., p. 120. One 

 example in the British Museum coll. from Bergun is of the icarinus 

 form on the left side only, just like that noted by Bell as semi-icarinus 

 (Ent. Rec, xxi., p. 227) captured at Folkestone, September 11th, 1909. 



o 2 . ab. bion, Reb., " Berge's Schmett.," 9th ed., p. 70 (1909).— Ocellated 

 spots smaller, the basal spots of the forewings absent, the ordinary reddish-yellow 

 marginal spots entirely absent ; on the other hand a long white streak on nervure 

 M 3 of the hind wing reaches towards the base. A <? from the Bisamberg near 

 Vienna (Rebel). 



A combined form of icarinus and parvipuncta, with the usual 

 fulvous spots obsolete ; and the white streak on the underside of the 

 hindwings well marked. 



it. ab. candiope, Bergs., "Nom.," ii., p. 78, pi. xlviii., figs. 3-4 (1779); Goze, 

 " Ent. Beit.," iii.,pt. 2, p. 80 (1780). Iphis, Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 25, 

 pi. xlvii., fig. 5 (1830); Hdnrch., " Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth.," p. 13(1851); Gerh., 

 "Mon.," p. 15, pi. xxviii., figs, la-c (1852); Meyer-Diir, "Schmett. Schweiz," 

 p. 80 (1852); Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," p. 365 (1871); Weym., " Jahresb. Ver. Elb.," 

 p. 55 (1878); Dale, "Hist. Brit. Butts.," p. 71(1890); Kiihl, "Pal. Gross- 

 Schmett.," i., p. 760 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 175(1896); Staud., " Cat.," 

 3rd ed., p. 85 (1901); Lamb., "Pap. Belg.," p. 231 (1902); Wheel., "Butts. 

 Switz.," etc., p. 36 (1903); KrouL, "Rev. Ent. Russ.," hi., p. Ill (1903); 

 Gillm., "Ent. Zeits. Gub.," xviii., p. 3 (1904); Grover, "Ent. Rec," ix., p. 312 

 (1907); Grand, "Int. Ent. Zeits. Gub.," ii., p. 79 (1908); Gillm., op. cit., p. 178 

 (1908); Fritsch, " Berl. Ent. Zeits.," liv., p. 234 (1910); Gillm., "Int. Ent. 

 Zeits. Gub.," iv., p. 4 (1910); Rebel, "Berge's Schmett.," 9th ed., p. 70 (1910). 

 [Coridon, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," pi. lxxix. (cont. xxix.), fig. 1 (1786).] Icarus 

 ab., Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 56 (1868); Bird, " Ent. Rec," xviii., p. 280 

 (1906). — P.P.R. alis rotundatis integerrimis fuscis fulvo-utrimque maeulatis, 



