168 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



pi. ii., fig. 4e (1903); Gillm., "Ent. Zeits. Gub.," xviii., p. 2 (1904).— The union 

 of the upper basal to the discoidal spot ; usually a rare form of aberration. 



This is one of the two only forms in which Courvoisier knew icarus 

 to occur, out of the seven different aberrative developments included 

 in his " Formaa confluentes simplices " (Mitt. Schw. Ent. Gesell., xi., 

 pp. 20-21). It is also mentioned by Gillmer (Ent. Zeits. Gub., xviii., 

 p. 2), under his " Formae multiconfluentes " sect, b, as occurring in 

 one specimen in conjunction with melanotoxa (arcuata) (forewing), 

 and basijuncta (hindwing) characters ( — coinplicata, n. ab.). The com- 

 bination of melanotoxa (arcuata) on the forewings, with costajuncta and 

 basijuncta of the hindwings is noted as occurring- in this species in sect. 

 d of Courvoisier's " FormaB confluentes multiplices " and is repeated 

 by Gillmer under his " Formas multiconfluentes," sect. 4 (Ent. Zeits. 

 Guben, xviii., p. 2). 



rjrj. ab. biarcuata, Tutt, " Nat. Hist. Brit. Butts.," iv., p. 43 (1910) ; Fritsch, 

 "Berl. Ent. Zeits.," liv., p. 233 (1910).— The two lower spots of the submedian 

 series united with the lower basal spot (or spots) forming a double arch (Tutt). 



This is a rather uncommon form, occurring more frequently in the 



2 than in the J . We have an excellent example, a $ , captured at 



Freshwater, in August, 1889. Reverdin notes (in litt.) a 2 of this 



form taken at Salins, July 17th, 1909. Very few others have been 



recorded. 



66. ab. melanotoxa, Pincitore-Marott, " Giorn. Agr. Past.," p. 248 (1873) {teste 

 Gillmer*); "Giorn. Se Nat. Palerm.," xiv., p. 341, pi. iii., figs. 14, 15 (1879); 

 Mina-Pal. andFailla-Ted., "Faun. Lep. Sic," p. 28 (1889); Verity, " Flor. Kiv. 

 dell'Instituto Dom.-Ross i,"i., p. 9 descr., p. 5, fig. 14 (1903); "Ent.," xxxviii., 

 p. 58, pi. iv., fig. 14 (1904); "Bull. Ent. Soc. Ital.," xxxvi., p. 67 (1904) ; p. 138 

 (1905); Sheph., "Ent.," xxxvii., p. 115 (1904); South, op. cit., p. 115 (1904); 

 Wheeler, op. cit., p. 116 (1904); Fletch., op. cit., p. 143 (1904); Verity, "Bull. 

 Ent. Soc. Ital.," xxxviii., p. 28 (1907). [Polyphemus, Esp., " Schmett.Eur.," pi. 1. 

 (supp. xxvi.), fig. 2(1779); Schneid., " Sys. Besch.," p. 250(1787); Gillm., "Int. Ent. 

 Zeits. Gub.," ii., p. 154 (1908); Bebel, " Berge's Sehmett.," 9th ed.,p. 70(1909).] 

 Arcuata, Weym., " Jahresb. d. naturwiss. Ver. Elberf.," v., p. 55 (1878); Buhl, 

 "Pal. Gross- Sehmett.," L, p. 761 (1893-5); Courv., "Mitt. Schw. Ent. Gesell.," 

 p. 20, pi. ii., fig. 4d (left side) (1903); Leonh., "Ent. Zeits. Gub.," xviii., p. 331 

 (1904). Fletch., "Ent.," xxxvii., p. 316 (1904); Verity, "Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 Ital," xxxvi., p., 67 (1904); Gillm., "Ent. Zeits. Gub.," xviii., .p. 2 (1904); 

 xix., p. 4 (1905); Grund, "Int. Ent. Zeits. Gub.," ii., p. 79 (1908); Tutt, 

 "Nat. Hist. Brit. Butts.," iii., p. 353 (1909). Icarus ab., South, "Ent.," 

 xx., p. 76 (1887); Sabine, " Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," 1887, p. 70 

 (1888); Fowl., " Ent.," xxii., p. 18 (1889); South, " Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," 

 1888-9, p. 65 (1890); Warburg, "Ent. Bee," i., p. 329 (1891); Adkin, "Proc. 

 Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," 1890-1, p. 170 (1892); Nussey, op. cit., 1892-3, p. 44 (1894); 

 Lov.-Keays, " Ent. Bee," v., p. 20 (1894); " Ent.," xxvii., p. 72 (1894); Grosv., 

 "Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," 1907, p. 93 (1908); Schima, " Verh. z.-b. Ges. 

 Wien," Iii., p. 587 (1902). Arena, Wheeler, "Ent. Bee," xiv., p. 58 (1902); 

 "Butts. Switz.," p. 36 (1903); Favre, "Mitt. Schw. Ent. Gesell.," xi., supp. 

 p. 4 (1903); Beuss, " Ent. Bee," xxi., p. 236 (1909). Regnieri, Andre, " Journ. 

 Nat. Macon," ii., p. 52 (1901); Lamb., " Bev. Mens. Nam.," p. 32 (1905); p. 44 

 (1906); " Cat. Lep. Belg.," p. 426 (1907).— The insect is called melanotoxa, on 

 account of the black bow which stands on the underside of the forewings in the 

 middle of the inner margin. It is like astrarche, but generally more fuscous, the 

 spots at the outer margin more fulvous. It is much scarcer in our district than 

 icarus, and flies in the months of April, May, and often June (Marott, Giorn. 

 Sci. Nat. Palerm., xiv., p. 241). 



* This reference is given by Gillmer (Int. Ent. Zeits. Guben," ii., p. 154), 

 no doubt first hand (G. Wheeler). We have, unfortunately, not been able to see 

 it for ourselves yet, nor to get the original description. 



