POLYOMMATUS ICARUS. 179 



account of a long series that he took at Bodo, in June, 1879, stating 

 that it was fairly common locally on the Saltenfjord. He observes 

 that the $ s are of a more beautiful blue than in Central Germany, 

 the Arctic examples being, on the upperside, scarcely distinguishable 

 from eastern actis, the fringes very white, the inner part having 

 lost the usual dark tint ; in the $ s the blue is also very rich and 

 intense. Some $ s, without red marginal spots, show more blue on the 

 upperside than aegon $ , and are scarcely distinguishable on the upper- 

 side from argns $ ; even the costa of the forewing is blue, inclining 

 to white, the dark discoidal scarcely perceptible ; the ground colour of 

 the underside shows the sexual difference more strongly in both sexes 

 than in German examples. He further notes that ten per cent, of his 

 captures were, on the underside, of the form (carinas, three also wanting 

 three or all four basal spots of hindwings, and 28 specimens having 

 these basal spots either partially wanting or very faint. The white 

 wedge, he adds, " is very distinct, so is the discoidal spot, which often 

 has no black centre; part of the submedian row is also often wanting; in 

 the extreme cases there are only slight traces of four spots on the fore- 

 wing and four very faint spots on hindwing." This tallies almost 

 exactly with the variation noticeable on the undersides of our extreme 

 Irish and Scotch examples. Sparre- Schneider notes (Trow so Mas. 

 Arshefter, xv., pp. 24-5) the Tromso specimens as being of average size 

 — J s 32mm., § s 28mm. -30mm., the latter, as is usually the case with 

 Arctic specimens, more or less blue above, one especially fine ? cap- 

 tured August 15th, 1892, being wholly blue, with broad black borders, 

 and a row of round black spots along the hindmargin of the hindwings 

 without a trace of red lunules. He adds that Schilde's statement that 

 the northern icarus are brighter than German specimens may be true, 

 but that he has a $ from Cauterets (Pyrenees) which is of a most 

 beautiful blue, almost reminding one of hylas, yet otherwise typical 

 icarus. Reference should also be made to Schoyen's account of the 

 Arctic forms of this species (Tromso Mas. Arshefter, v., p. 13). 



d. var. tutti, Obfch., "Etudes Lep. Comp.," fasc. iv., p. 238 (pubd. August, 

 1910). — L. icarus offers in England a race quite special and distinct from the 

 Continental forms. I have given the name of tutti to the English L. icarus. . . . 

 In order to appreciate the geographical forms of L. icarus, I have a large number 

 of examples, and in my collection are about 150 British examples, coming from 

 Kannoch, North Scotland, Dover, Cheshire, North Devon, co. Kerry, North Kent, 

 Glengariff , co. Cork, Folkestone, New Forest, etc. The chief point of differentiation 

 between the English race tutti and the Continental forms, is the appreciably more 

 lengthened and less rounded forewings of the former ; further, the underside of 

 the wings of the c? is of a deeper grey tint, whilst the upperside is of a rather 

 more transparent blue with a more rosy ground colour ; the ? s of tutti are 

 generally blue with a border of interneural orange spots, inferiorly punctuated with 

 black, especially on the hindwings ; they are further distinguished by a whitish 

 lightening, especially next the apex or the forewings and above the orange marginal 

 spots. The ? caerulescens of France has not the same appearance as those of 

 England ; the former lacks the pale streaks and the wide brightenings of bluish- 

 white, which are the special characteristics of a great number of English ? icarus. 

 , . . . This form varies as those of other countries by the confluence of 

 certain black spots beneath, which unite and form thick curved elongated streaks 

 chiefly along the costal border of the hindwings and the inner edge of the fore- 

 wings, as well as by the absence more or less complete, of the ocellated spots. 

 Most 2 tutti are caerulescens, but some have the ground colour of the wings 

 brown, always, however, with pale areas near the apex of tbe forewings; along the 

 terminal margin of the hindwings are some pale, silvery-blue scales, more or less 

 dense, scattered near the base of the wings (Oberthiir). 



