190 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



introduce a new name.f The icarus of Kashghar are distinguished by — 



1. The absence of the fulvous on the underside of both wings ; it is only rarely 

 visible as a slight demishade. 



2. The underside being entirely white. 



This last character is also found in the August generation of icarus 

 from Ferghana, which are all as blue as the varieties from Karamouk 

 and the Himalaya (ariana, Moore) *. The $ s from Yarkand and the 

 $ s from Karamouk as well as those of the second brood, present, 

 usually, a transition to the var. icadius, which is remarkably beautiful 

 and distinct. I found it in the southern slope of the Col Beik in the 

 Konjout mountains." Although Grum thus suggests ariana, Moore, as 

 a form of P. icarus, he goes on to note the nearness of ariana to icarus 

 and hunza, as if the former were distinct from icarus, and then adds 

 that some of the ariana sent to him as such, do not belong to icarus 

 at all but to eros, and this latter is exactly the species to which we 

 referred most of the so-called ariana in the British Museum, so that 

 one suspects that ariana, Grum, is an ab. of icarus (which he, 

 himself, suggests is kashyharensis), whilst ariana, Moore, is a mixture of 

 icarus and eros, most of the species doing duty as such being either a 

 form of P. eros, or more probably a distinct species allied to P. eros. 

 We are fortunate in having, in the British Museum coll., an exceedingly 

 fine series of P. icarus collected by Grum-Grshimailo in the Sarafschan 

 district, and we think rightly referred by him to kashgharensis. The 

 series consists of eight $ s and eight $ s, carrying Grum's name and 

 " Sarafschan 17th-20th, viii. '92," except two which were taken on 

 the "9th" ($ ) and "10th {$) vi. '92," respectively. The 2 s are 

 particularly fine, and vary from one almost entirely fuscous, with a 

 mere trace of marginal spots and orange lunules on the upperside, to 

 one $ of a brilliant blue with deep black marginal spots, surmounted 

 by small bright orange chevrons. The underside of these specimens 

 is very characteristic, the $ s pale (whitish or pearly) with weak 

 marginal spots, scarcely any pale fulvous, the black ocellated spots 

 small, with very narrow white margins, a tendency to loss of basal spots 

 (abs. candiope, and icarinus), and one with only one of the submedian 

 row of dots on hindwing ; the $ s pale fawn, spotting more strongly 

 defined than in $ , fulvous rather more definite, but still inclined to 

 pale; basal spots usually present. Grum-Grshimailo notes (Hor. 

 Soc. Ent. Ross., xxviii., p. 91) that Glasunow found this form in 1892 

 in the SerafschanJ Valleys and in the Kisilkum Desert, etc., at 

 Pendshakent, Magian-darja, Artutsch, Iskander-Kul, Jagnob-darja, 



f Grum-Grshimailo, in 1891, named this form napaea {see p. 188). 



* The specimens of ariana, Moore, in the British Museum, are of two forms : 

 (1) a form of what really appears to be icarus, (2) another form of eros, not 

 icarus, facies, and we suspect it to be a species allied to, rather than cospecific 

 with, P. eros. The difficulty arising from ariana, Moore, " Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond.," p. 504, pi. xxxi., fig. 2, lies in the fact that the original description given 

 by Moore quotes " Kunawar " as the habitat ; the type in the British Museum coll. 

 labelled as such in Moore's handwriting also came from " Kunawar," and belongs 

 to the eros set. This " type " example disagrees with Moore's figure entirely, the 

 latter being a form of icarus. The name must, of course, follow the form to 

 which it may be finally determined the description belongs. This, we believe, 

 will prove to be the eros form. 



| The name is spelt " Serafschan " by Grum and "Sarafschan" on the 

 labels in the British Museum coll. 



