POLYOMMATUS ICARUS. 217 



from Beyrout, by Mrs. Nicholl, on April 30th, and from Beyrout, by 

 Graves, on July 7th, worn, and again, as being not very common 

 between August 23rd and September 12th ; it is further reported from 

 the lowlands at Jaffa, May 10th (Graves) and round Jerusalem from 

 May 29th-July 28th (Swinton); in the mountains it has been taken in 

 May at the Cedars of Lebanon (Nicholl) and July 26th (Day), at 

 6000ft. in the Lebanon in mid -June (Nicholl) and at so great an 

 elevation as 8500 to 10,000ft. on the summit of the Cedar Mountains, 

 August 26th-28th (Graves). The latter remarks (in lift.): "I have 

 never seen P. icarus in Egypt, and greatly doubt its occurring there." 

 With regard to its more Eastern habitats, specimens from the Christoph 

 coll. from Shakhuh in the mountains of North Persia are labelled 

 July 8th, 21st and 25th, in different years, whilst others from Seir, 

 eight miles west of Urumiah, in North- West Persia, are labelled 

 August 16th ; at Kandahar in South Afghanistan and at Quetta in 

 North-East Baluchistan it occurs from March-October (Swinhoe), 

 whilstin the mountains of Chitral, from 6000 to 10,000ft., it flies in 

 June and July, doubtless in one brood only ; it is reported as double- 

 brooded, occurring in May and August, in the Sarafschan district 

 (Glasunow), and also in Ferghana, when it is on the wing in May and 

 June and again in August (Grum-Grshimailo), but somewhat further 

 north at Karamouk, the latter is of opinion that there is one brood only 

 to which the July specimens belong, as he also holds to be the case 

 on the southern slope of the Konjout mountains, and probably in the 

 Pamirs. It is recorded in the Altai, where it appears to be scarce, 

 from Biisk at the beginning of June and from the Tchuja Valley in 

 the middle of the same month (Elwes), but further to the north-east, 

 in the Witim and Wilni districts it is again noted as common in June 

 and July (Herz), the only known specimen from the extreme north-east 

 of its range, taken near Pokrofka (Graeser) in July, seems to approach 

 somewhat closely to the extreme north-western form var. claret. 

 The following dates, taken from various sources, will serve to 

 illustrate the foregoing observations, and to indicate the probable times 

 of appearance in the different parts of the range of the species : — 

 June, 1834, at Ste-Marie-aux-Mines, Haut-Rhin (Schreiner) ; April 4th,. 

 1844, at Messina, June27th-July 2nd, at Catania (Zeller) ; June, 1853, 

 in Siberia (Lederer) ; June 4th, 1860, Sark (F. W 7 alker) ; July 8th, 



1871, Shakhuh, mountains of North Persia (Christoph coll.); May 

 14tb, 1872, at Avignon, May 16th, 1872, at Marseilles, Junellth-17th, 



1872, at Naples, June 24th-27th, 1872, at Florence, June 28th and 

 29th, 1872, at Lucca, Julv 5th, 1872, at Ravenna, July 12th, 1872, at 

 Bellagio (F. Walker) ; August 9th-12th, 1872, on Mt. Pilatus, August 

 12th, 1872, at Meyringen, August 13th, 1872, at Amsteg (Lang) ; 

 June 23rd-30th, 1873, in Alderney, by far the most abundant species 

 (Luff) ; August 21st, 1875, end of May and beginning of June, 1876, 

 at Bornich (Fuchs) ; July 21st, 1878, Shakhuh (Christoph coll.) ; 

 June 3rd-15tb, 1880, in the Visp and Saas valleys (Jordan); March 

 28th, 1881, at Quetta (Brit. Mus. coll.) ; May 12th, 1882, at Lambes>a, 

 May 16th, 1882, at Philippeville (Elwes) ; 2nd week in March, 1883, 

 at Gibraltar (Walker) ; May 23rd, 1884, at Jussy (Reverdin) ; Match, 

 1885, at Tangier (Brit. Mus. coll) ; May, 1886, on the Lebanon 

 (Pratt) ; June 4th, 1887, at St. Brelade's Bay, Jersey (Hawes) ; June 

 11th, 1887, in the Pamirs (Grum-Grshimailo) ; July 25th, 1887, 



