222 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



(Oldaker) ; August 21st, 1903, at Bellingham (Arkle) ; June 4th, 

 1904, at Eame Head (Fletcher) ; July 7th, 1904, at Witherslack 

 (James) ; August 8th, 1904, at Tintern (Bird) ; August 13th, 1904, on 

 Beachy Head (Colthrup) ; July 14th, 1905, at Durham (Harrison) ; 

 June 5th-July 19th, 1906, first brood, August 6th-September 4th, 

 second brood, at Tintern, September 10th, 1906, at Owen's Cross 

 (Bird) ; August 5th, 1906, at Wimbledon (Smallman) ; August 24th, 

 1906, at Chatham (Hamm) ; September 17th, 1906, on the Sussex 

 Coast (Adkin) ; May 17th-20th, 1907, in the Wye Valley (Barraud) ; 

 July 20th, 1907, by Buttermere (Wilkinson) ; August 10th, and in 

 mid-September, 1907, in Denbighshire (Arkle); September 15th, 1907, 

 at Ranscombe and Hailing (Tutt); October 4th, 1907, in South Devon 

 (Bankes) ; June 20th, 1908, in Swordale, July 29th, 1908, at Nairn 

 (Jackson) ; May 23rd, 1909, at Hailing, June 10th, 1909, at Win- 

 chester (Tutt) ;' May 28th, 1909, at Ware (Eeuss) ; June 19th, 1909, 

 at Box Hill (Adkin) ; August, September and the beginning of October, 

 1909, at Tintern (Bird); September 1st, 1909, at Munden (Reuss) ; 

 September 11th, 1909, at Folkestone (Bell) ; May 20th, 1910, at 

 Abbott's Wood (Alderson) ; June 8th, 1910, at Bourton-on-the- Water 

 (Wheeler); June 12th, 1910, at Kendal (Littlewood); June 19th, 1910, 

 at Folkestone, scarce (Bell); August 22nd-26th, at Wick, Caithness 

 (Jackson); May 22nd, 1911, at Brasted, May 23rd, 1911, at Oxted, 

 May 31st, 1911, at Bourton-on-the- Water, June 1st, 1911, at Notgrove, 

 June 9th, 1911, at Dorking, worn out, September 2nd, 1911, at 

 Cuxton, September 7th, 1911, at Guildford (Wheeler) ; June 9th, 

 1911, at Boscastle (Hammond)*; August, 1911. in the Scilly Islands 

 (Adkin); August 13th and 18th, 1911, at Missenden (Williams); 

 September 14th, 1911., worn out, September 23rd, fresh and abundant, 

 at Reigate (Grosvenor); September 20tb-October 3rd, 1911, at 

 Birchington (Bernhart- Smith). 



Distribution. — This species extends northwards in Europe well 

 into the Arctic circle, being by no means uncommon at Tromso almost 

 at 70° N., but here apparently confined to the coast. In Siberia it has 

 not been reported from much above 60° N. In an easterly direction it 

 rarely occurs much beyond 90° E., whilst its western range is only 

 limited by the Atlantic Sea-board, including the adjacent islands as far 

 as the Canaries and Madeira. To the south its progress seems to be 

 checked by the Atlas mountains and the desert in Africa, as it is not 

 reported from Cyrenaica or Egypt ; it occurs again throughout Syria 

 except in the desert, and thence by northern Persia and northern 

 Baluchistan to the borders of India where its southern range turns 

 abruptly to the north-east, being bounded by the north-western 

 Himalayas, the Thian Shan mountains, the Ala-Tau, and the Altai ; 

 here it again turns eastwards and extends sparingly to the Amur 

 district, Witim on the east of Lake Baikal being the last point from 

 which it is recorded as being common. In altitude its range does not 

 extend far above the sea-level in its most northern haunts, but 

 gradually increases southwards, being about 7,000 ft. in the Central 

 European Alps, and reaching 9,000 in the Atlas, and 10,000 in the 

 Lebanon and the north-western Himalayas. In the British Isles it 

 occurs throughout, except in the Shetlands (which appear to produce 



* Amongst these examples is noted (Ent., xliw, p. 273) a perfect gynandro- 

 niorph, left side <j" , right side ? (Wheeler). 



