248 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



the discoidal cell ; both wings with a marginal series of blackish dots, bordered 

 inwardly with a submarginal row of deep red lunules. Underside purplish cream 

 colour ; both wings with a submarginal red band, bordered exteriorly with black 

 dots, internally with blackish lunules, and margined on both sides with white 

 lunules ; fore wing with a spot closing the cell, five and geminated sixth irregularly 

 across the disk ; and hind wing with 8 spots also irregularly across the disk ; three" 

 basal and one closing the cell black each encircled with white ; a dash of white 

 longitudinally on the disk of the hindwing. Cilia broad, white, with black spots. 

 Expanse one inch. Habitat Kunawur (Moore). 



This is the form of the South-west Himalayas, and is also taken 

 in Persia at Teheran. It differs from the usual central European form 

 with narrow orange-red bands only in the ground-colour of the 

 upperside, which is of a decidedly lighter brown, (without the red 

 shade which is so conspicuous in the North African and South 

 European forms, and yet more so in that from the Canary Islands), 

 and in the more pronounced black marginal spots of the hindwing on 

 the upperside. The type specimen, with many of Moore's others, is 

 in the Brit. Mus. coll. The description is evidently not taken from 

 this specimen, which has very little orange on the upperside, though 

 it is present on both wings ; the spots on the forewings are not 

 lunular nor is the "band" (such part of it as exists) deep red. 

 ''Purplish cream colour" on the underside stands for a clear light 

 brown, a very usual colour in British and other central European 

 specimens. Some of the other specimens in the Brit. Mus. coll. have 

 more orange than the type specimen, but it is always narrow and 

 never deep red, nor is the " band " ever complete on the forewing. 

 The fringe, described as " white with black spots," is really chequered 

 with brown on the hindwing, sometimes on both, just as in European 

 specimens not coming from high altitudes. One cannot imagine how 

 it was that this was not immediately recognized as a race of A. medon, 

 as a synonym of which all subsequent writers have treated it. 

 Examples in the Brit. Mus. coll. come from Kunawur (type), Simla, 

 Banikhet (3, x., 92, 12, viii., 93), Kangra, Mandi (October 5th-15th, 

 1883), Gorais Valley, 8,000ft. (June), and Scind Valley, 7,000 ; also 

 from Teheran, Persia. 



j3. var. chinensis, Murr., " Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," p. 523, pi. x., fig. 5 

 (1874) ; Leech, " Butts. China," ii., p. 315 (1894) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 83 

 (1901) ; Obth., " Lep. Comp.," iv., p. 253 (1910). Mandschurica,* Staud., " Rom. 

 Mem. Lep.," vi., p. 161 (1892); Riihl, " Pal. Gr.-Schmett.," p. 262 (1893).— Wings 

 brown above, with a conspicuous submarginal band, equally marked on both wings, 

 and a faint black streak closing cell. In the forewing the orange band is divided 

 by the veins into almost square spots ; in the hindwing the band is composed of a 

 series of contiguous crescents, seated upon a row of black spots. Fringe white, 

 interrupted by brown. Underside : pale grey-brown, the orange band as conspicuous 

 as above, continuous in both wings. Forewing : no spot between base and disco- 

 cellular spot. Beyond middle is a discal row of seven spots, twice bent at a right 

 angle, so that the sixth is immediately below the disco-cellular spot : the costal 

 spot is small and indistinct. All these spots are white-ringed. The orange band 

 is edged on both sides by a row of spots, the innermost row consisting of larger, but 

 less well-defined spots than the outer. Hindwing : a basal row of four spots, a 

 disco-cellular spot, and a discal row of eight spots, much curved and angulated, all 

 white-ringed. The orange band is edged as on forewing by rows of spots, but in 

 this case the spots of the outer row are larger than those of the inner. In both 

 wings the fringe, which is spotted, is preceded by a narrow black line. Expands 

 lin. 3 lines. Habitat North China (Murray). 



* Blachier's reference to this name, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 258 (1889), must 

 have been taken from one of Staudinger's sale catalogues, as it was not published 

 till 1892. 



