250 BRITISH BUTTEEFLIES. 



forms most nearly approaching this are ab. allous, Hb., var. sarmatis, 

 Gr.-Gr., var. soni-allous, Harr., var. alpina, Staud., and var. montana, 

 Eiihl, all of which are distinguished by the partial, or complete, 

 absence of the orange-red macular band on the upperside. We will 

 consider these separately. 



a. var. (and ab.) allous, Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," L. pi. cc, figs. 989-990 

 (i834-41) ; *Hch.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," i., p. 124 (1843) ; Dup., " Cat. Meth.," 

 p. 32 (1844) ; Dbldy., " List," p. 2 (1856) ; Staud., " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 5 (1861) ; 

 Berce, " Fn. Fr.," i., p. 139 (1867) ; Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," p. 364 (1871) ; Staud., 

 "Cat.," 2nded., p. 11 (1871); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," ix., 3rd ser., p. 395 

 (1874) ; Curd, " Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," vi., p. Ill (1874) ; Kirby, " Eur. Butts.," 

 p. 50 (1879) ; Alph., " Hor. Soc. Ent. Boss.," xvi., p. 386 (1881) ; Lang., " Butts. 

 Eur.," p. 115 (1884) ; Kane, " Eur, Butts.," p. 41 (1885) ; Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," 

 vi., p. 14 (1885); Kill., "Ins. Graub.," p. 19 (1886); Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," 

 p. 13 (1888); Dale, "Hist. Brit. Butts.," p. 74 (1890); Reut., "Acta F. F. 

 Fenn.," ix., pt. 6, p. 13 (1893); Eiihl, "Pal. Gr.-Schmett.," pp. 261 (1893), 759 

 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 180 (1896) ; Bachm., " Soc. Ent.," xi., p. 151 

 (1896); Kirby, "Hndbk.," ii., p. 100 (1896) ; Obth., "Et.," xx., p. 25 (1896) 

 Favre, " Macr.-Lep. Val.," p. 18 (1899) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 83 (1901) 

 Fleck, " Macr.-Lep. Ruman.," p. 20 (1901) ; Lamb., " Pap. Belg.," p. 229 (1902) 

 Spuler, "Schmett. Eur.," p. 63 (1902); Wheel., "Butts. Switz.," etc., p. 38 

 (1903); South, " Brit. Butts.," p. 161 (1906); Rebel, " Berge's Schmett.," 9th 

 ed., p. 68 (1909); Seitz, "Gr.-Schmett.," p. 309, pi. lxxix., k (1909); Obth., 

 "Lep. Comp.," iv., p. 250 (1910). Idas, Kef., " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," i., p. 174 

 (1840) ; xii., p. 309 (1851) ; Hdnr., "Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth.," p. 14 (1851) ; Gerh., 

 " Mon.," p. 15, pi., xxvi., figs. 4a, b (1852) ; M.-Dur, " Schmett. Schweiz," p. 74 

 (1852). Agestis, var. b, Wllgrn., " Skand. Dagf.," p. 214 (1853). 



Hiibner's figures are not accompanied by any description, and his 

 illustrations on pi. cc. comprise two $ s and one ? uppersides and an 

 underside of each sex. Of these only fig. 990 is without spots, the 

 other two uppersides 988 and 991 differ but little from his previous 

 figures of " agestis" pi. lxii., figs. 303-306. Staudinger, in the 2nd ed. 

 of his Catalogue (1871), seems to have been the first definitely to 

 restrict the name to the form entirely without spots on the upperside 

 though Berce had evidently intended to do so, but, after speaking of 

 allous as the form without spots, he added that a few small ones were 

 often perceptible. Since the appearance of this edition of the 

 Catalogue, however, the restriction has been almost universally 

 accepted, indeed, South is the only authority by whom we have found 

 even the most slightly spotted form included, except in our own 

 British Butterflies (1896). Dale, to whose addiction to romance we 

 have previously had occasion to refer, states that all the second-brood 

 specimens of Southern Europe are of this form, whereas, in point of 

 fact, the form is almost unknown in Southern Europe. He was 

 probably misled by Kirby's somewhat less wholesale statement {Eur, 

 Butts., p. 50) that allous is the second brood in Southern Europe, and 

 both mistakes are, no doubt, due to Staudinger's action previous to 

 1871, in sending out (as he himself states) the form which he later 

 described as aestiva under the name allous. What Bromilow intended 

 under this name it is impossible to say, as he only calls it a varietal 

 form of the second-brood. Hydenreich, Keferstein, Meyer-Diir, and 

 Gerhard regard Rambur's idas as this form of medon : the former also 

 looks upon Herrich-Schiiffer's anteros (Sys. Bearb., i., pi. v., figs. 26, 

 27) as equivalent to allous, whereas it certainly does not represent any 



* As an ab. of idas, Rmbr., which he regards as a form of " agestis.'" 



