272 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



it were the rudiments of a cocoon (Zeller). Some pupated in moss 

 but failed to emerge. Others spun up in the usual Lycsenid style upon 

 a muslin sleeve and emerged safely. Some we kept, pupated loosely 

 on the surface of the ground and yielded their imagines safely. Most, 

 however, pupate on the leaves and stem-bases in the style of P. icarus 

 (Harrison). Chapman gives (in litt.) the following note : April 3rd. — 

 One larva has laid up for pupation, it has made a few strands of silk 

 by way of cocoon and a few others (four or five only) lie across the 3rd 

 thoracic segment by w T ay of a girth (Chapman). 



Pupa.— About 8mm. in length, smooth and without polish, rather 

 thick in proportion, the head rounded and prominent, the thorax 

 rounded above, the abdomen plump and curved a little backwards, its 

 anal extremity hidden by the shrivelled larval skin which adheres to it. 

 The colour of the head, thorax, and wingcases blue-green, a black 

 curved streak obliquely placed on each side of the head ; the abdomen 

 yellowish flesh-colour, a deep pink stripe at the sides enclosing a 

 central white one, which can also be seen showing through part of 

 the wing-covers. (Described from a pupa of the var. artaxerxes.) 

 The pupa has the usual Lycaena form, is 4-5 lines long, the males 

 small and more slender than the females, naked only at the head and 

 on the upper part of the back, with isolated very short whitish 

 bristles, only perceptible by the aid of a lens ; the colour is a rather 

 transparent pale amber, more or less greenish, with slight lustre, 

 the opaque abdomen is more of a pale yellow. Over the eye is a 

 short, curved, shining black line. The convex thorax is separated 

 from the equally convex back of the abdomen by a saddle-like 

 depression. The abdomen has along the back a longitudinal line of 

 reddish-purple, more or less brilliant, and a similar lateral stripe of 

 different breadth, which also shines through the upper margin of 

 the wing-cover. The anal end, which is concealed in the empty 

 larva-skin, is bluntly rounded, and without spines or bristles. It is 

 immovable, and is held fast by a fine white thread, which is drawn 

 round the commencement of the abdomen, and by the exuvia, on its 

 silken couch. The exclusion of the imago takes place according to the 

 temperature, in from tw 7 o to three weeks (Zeller). April 8th. — Pupated 

 some time yesterday, but has already acquired a somewhat solid 

 appearance, though the trachea? of the wings are still very plain. 

 The head, thorax, and appendages are a dark olive green, the abdomen 

 is an ochreous or yellow, with a mere shade of green, along the 

 abdominal segment is a pink-red dorsal line and a similarly coloured 

 lateral one, very bright rosy pink. This lateral colour shines through 

 the as yet rather transparent wings, where they cover it on the forward 

 abdominal segments. A notable feature of the pupa is the very dark 

 culour of the eyes, suggesting a pupa preparing for emergence rather 

 than one newly changed ; there are also some dark marks, not of 

 the skin, but more deeply situated, about the wing origins and the 

 prothorax just in front; a thread or two representing a girth crosses 

 over between 1st and 2nd abdominal segment and a single thread a little 

 further back, and another over the front of the mesothorax. The anal 

 extremity reposes in the cast skin. There are some short scattered hairs 

 except on the appendages. There is rather a wide margin beyond Poulton's 

 line. The pupa lies flat on the surface of attachment, from opposite the 

 pro-mesothoracic incision to the 3rd-4th abdominal incision. In 



