280 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



common and quite fresh whilst on June 2nd it was beginning 

 to be worn ; he again obtained a few specimens on August 18th, 

 and had found it fresh on September 23rd, 1901, after having 

 taken the var. calida commonly on Jury 27th of the latter year. 

 Mathew observes that in Malta the July brood is the most abundant. 

 In Hungary Aigner-Abafi reports the occurrence of two broods, the 

 first in May and June, the second in July and August. For Roumania 

 Meek gives more particularly Ma,y to the end of June, and the end of 

 July to the beginning of September. Bulgaria must also, as is to be 

 expected, produce two broods, for though Bachmetjew only mentions 

 the species as being scarce in August, Mrs. Nicholl also records it in 

 May and June. In Greece, though apparently nowhere common, there 

 would seem to be as many as four broods. Staudinger took it on 

 Parnassus from the beginning of March to the end of April, and in 

 Attica and on the island of Naxos to the end of March, the second 

 hrood appearing in Naxos in May and on Parnassus in June. It 

 must therefore be the second brood which is described by Miss 

 Fountaine as being generally distributed in May and June, whilst 

 it was no doubt the first that Elwes obtained at Athens on April 

 11th, and the second that he took at different dates in May in the 

 Morea, the island of Corfu and on Parnassus ; de la Garde's date of 

 October in Corfu certainly seems to imply an intervening brood 

 somewhere about August. In the neighbourhood of Constantinople, 

 on both sides of the Bosphorus, the information we have been able 

 to gather points to the occurrence of three emergences, though 

 not necessarily of three broods, strictly speaking. We have no date 

 earlier than May 2nd, whilst a fresh brood appears near the middle of 

 June, and another towards August 20th, the latter lasting, though in 

 a, very worn condition, till the middle of September. It is, of course, 

 possible that the specimens taken early in May may belong to an April 

 •emergence, in which case, three regular broods may be inferred, other- 

 wise it would seem more probable that the May specimens result from 

 *' laggards" of the previous year's first brood, the June specimens 

 being the offspring of the last year's second brood. Elsewhere in 

 Asia Minor there are at least two broods ; Holz says that this species 

 is common throughout Cilicia in April and May, and again later in 

 the aestlca form, while Miss Fountaine reports it as common round 

 Amasia throughout the summer, but we have no positive information 

 of an autumn brood. In Russia medon is single-brooded in those 

 Governments from which we have any precise information, though in 

 Tambov it sometimes appears in May, yet June and July are its regular 

 months of flight, as is also the case in Moscow (Assmuss) ; Dampf 

 records it from Wilna in July and from Jaroslav from the middle of 

 June till the end of the first week in July. It occurs also in the 

 Baltic Provinces as early as June (Teich), and in the Southern Govern- 

 ments it may possibly be double-brooded, Romanoff stating that it 

 occurs all summer in Transcaucasia, but we have no definite dates by 

 which this can be fixed. Though it is wide-spread in Asia we are 

 somewhat lacking in exact data as to its times of appearance. On the 

 Eastern shore of the Caspian it occurs in May (in the myrmecias form), 

 but we have no evidence of a later brood. Further north than this it 

 is probably single-brooded as the few dates at our disposal, taken in 



