LYCAENILI. 299 



(Page), Gondo (Rowland-Brown), Vernayaz, Sion (Alderson), Simplon 

 Pass, Evolena, between Vex and Useigne, Ferpecle (Tuttj, Val d'Herens (Tasker), 

 Follaterre, Fully, Susillon, Sierre, St. Nicholas, Visp, Brig. Naters, Grand St. 

 Bernard (Favre) ; Vaud — Vallee de Joux, Valiorbe, Mont d'Or. Mont Tendre (Gibbs), 

 Gimel (Muschamp), St. Cergues (Reverdin), Bex (Murray), Aigle, Sepey, Rossinieres 

 (Tasker), Caux (Alderson), Veytaux, Eclepens (Wheeler). Turkey: Gallipoli, 

 Salonika, Port Baklar, abundant (Mathew), Isle des Princes, Constantinople 

 (Muschamp), Kiathane, Therapia, Kiitclmk-Tchekmedje near San Stefano (Graves). 



Addendum. Ab. yraafii ; also in France, Chalocbe (Bonneville), la 

 Ballue, with some of the lunules white on one side only (Delahaye), 

 Dompierre-sur-Mer, a mixture of abs. pallid iov and graajii (Lucas). 



Tribe : Lycaenidi. 

 Dr. Chapman supplies the following notes on this tribe: — 

 The Lycaenidi may be defined as a group of Blues having the clasp 

 of the male appendages of somewhat rectangular outline, with the 

 spinous angle (harpe) produced as a long narrow process, bent down so 

 as to be nearly parallel with the distal margin ; the dorsal armature has 

 strong curved hooks, and is reduced to a narrow neck in the medio- 

 dorsal line. The a?doeagus is short, expanded basally, often into a 

 double bulbar outline, and with cornuti on the eversible membrane ; 

 these have considerably close resemblance to each other within the 

 group. In one or two species the spine of the clasp is shorter than 

 usual, and is usually (Glaucopsyclie) flatter and more directly transverse 

 than in avion. It will be noticed that these characters approach fairly 

 closely to those of the nedda group of Lycaenopsis, with the notable 

 difference that Lycaenopsis has no hooks on the dorsal armature, and 

 that they are very strong in Lycaena. Nevertheless there is probably 

 here a real relationship, the genus Notarthvinus of Lycsenopsids do, in 

 fact, possess these dorsal hooks. 



I am not prepared to define genera in the Lycaenidi by the genitalia, 

 though it may be noted that in avion the spine of the clasp is studded 

 with minute teeth, and there is even a spinous annex at its base, and 

 that in cyllarus, lygdqmus, etc. (Glaucopsyche), the spine lies down 

 more flatly and is perfectly smooth. 



Apart from the genitalia I find it more than difficult to suggest 

 family characters for the Lycaenidi. Structural characters in the 

 palaearctic Blues are very uniform, and whether from the presence of 

 identical circumstances or from actual mimicry, the facies of pairs or 

 more of species of very distinct groups is remarkably similar. For 

 example semiavyus is a Plebeiid, but it might on its facies be ranged as 

 an Everid with minima, or as a Lycaenid with cyllarus. As characters 

 of the Lycaenidi, but not altogether distinctive, we have upperside 

 markings (suggesting Chrysophanids) in both sexes, or in $ 2 only. 

 This would characterise Lycaena only, and would tend to place melanops 

 in Lycaena. Lycaena would differ from Glaucopsyche in still retaining 

 underside traces of marginal eyespots, this would tend to exclude avcas, 

 and would include melanops. Glaucopsyche (lygdamus, cyllarus) would 

 be without any trace of these eyespots (Chapman). 



Chapman divides the tribe into three genera, viz, : — 

 (1) Lycaena, Fabr., containing avion, L., euphemus, Hb., areas, 

 Bott., alcon, Fabr., avionides, Stgr., atroyuttata, Obth.,* and 

 mela)iops,,~Bsdv. 



* Atroguttata appears to me much better placed in the separate genus thev- 

 garis, Doh. ; to this Dr. Chapman sees no objection, and adds that Tutt would 

 probably have further subdivided the genus. — (G.W.) 



